CHAPTER 8

PEACE OPERATIONS

"With this manual, the Army continues the broadening of its post-Cold War doctrine, doctrine that is focused on warfighting, yet accommodates employment across the full range of operations."

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PDD-25 is a classified document, the information in this summary is based upon the unclassified public extract.

3. Policy regarding the command and control of US forces.

Command and control of US forces sometimes causes more debate than the questions surrounding US participation. The policy reinforces the fact that US authorities will relinquish only "operational control" of US forces when doing so serves US security interests. The greater the US military role, the less likely we will give control of US forces to UN or foreign command. Any large scale participation of US forces that is likely to involve combat should ordinarily be conducted under US command and operational control or through competent regional organizations such as NATO or ad hoc coalitions. Operation Joint Endeavor presented an unusual twist in that the CINC was the supporting commander to a regional alliance (NATO). The command and control issues raised by Operation Joint Endeavor will recur if the UN authorizes regional organizations to execute future Peace Operations.

PDD-25 forcefully states that the President will never relinquish command of US forces. However, the President retains the authority to release designated US forces to the Operational Control (OPCON) of a foreign commander for designated missions. When US forces are under the operational control of a UN commander they will always maintain the capability to report separately to higher US military authorities. This particular provision is in direct contravention to UN policy. UN policy is that once under UN control, soldiers and units will only report to and seek orders and guidance through the UN command channels. The policy also provides that commanders of US units participating in UN operations will refer to higher US authorities orders that are illegal under US or international law, or are outside the mandate of the mission to which the US agreed with the UN, if they are unable to resolve the matter with the UN commander. As a practical matter, this means that deployed units are restricted to the mission limits prescribed in the JCS Execute Order for the mission. The US reserves the right to terminate participation at any time or take whatever actions necessary to protect US forces.

CHAPTER 8 - PEACE OPERATIONS

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