MARCO SUCUPIRA LANGUAGE MATERIALS

AUXILIARY VERBS

FORM
1. TO BE

A) Present Affirmative

I am (I'm)
You are (You're)
He is (he's)
She is (She's)
It is (It's)
We are (we're)
You are (You're)
They are (They're)

Negative

I am not (I'm not)
You are not(You're not - You aren't)
He is not (He's not - He isn't)
She is not (She's not - She isn't)
It is not (It's not - It isn't)
We are not (We're not - We aren't)
You are not(You're not - You aren't)
They are not(They're not-They aren't

Interrogative

Am I?
Are you?
Is he?
Is she?
Is it?
Are we?
Are you?
Are they?

Negative Interrogative

Aren't I (Am I not?)
Aren't you? (Are you not?)
Isn't he (Is he not?)
Isn't she? (Is she not?)
Isn't it? (Is it not?)
Aren't we (Are we not?)
Aren't you (Are you not?)
Aren't they? (Are they not?)

B) Past Affirmative

I was
You were
He was
She was
It was
We were
You were
They were

Negative

I was not (I wasn't)
You were not (You weren't)
He was not (He wasn't)
She was not (She wasn't)
It was not (It wasn't)
We were not (We weren't)
You were not (You weren't)
They were not (They weren't)

Interrogative

Was I?
Were you?
Was he?
Was she?
Was it?
Were we?
Were you?
Were they?

Negative Interrogative

Wasn't I? (Was I not?)
Weren't you? (Were you not?)
Wasn't she? (Was she not?)
Wasn't he? (Was he not?)
Wasn't it? (Was it not?)
Weren't we? (Were we not?)
Weren't you? (Were you not?)
Weren't they? (Were they not?)


2. DO, DID

A) Present Affirmative

I do
You do
He does
She does
It does
We do
You do
They do

Negative

I do not (I don't)
You do not (You don't)
He does not (He doesn't)
She does not (She doesn't)
It does not (It doesn't)
We do not (We don't)
You do not (You don't)
They do not (You don't)

Interrogative

Do I?
Do you?
Does he?
Does she?
Does it?
Do we?
Do you?
Do they?

Negative Interrogative

Don't I? (Do I not?)
Don't you? (Do you not?)
Doesn't he? (Does he not?)
Doesn't she? (Does she not?)
Doesn't it? (Does it not?)
Don't we? (Do we not?)
Don't you? (Do you not?)
Don't they? (Do they not?)

B) Past Affirmative

I did
You did
He did
She did
It did
We did
You did
They did

Negative

I did not (I didn't)
You did not (You didn't)
He did not (He didn't)
She did not (She didn't)
It did not (It didn't)
We did not (We didn't)
You did not (You didn't)
They did not (They didn't)

Interrogative

Did I?
Did you?
Did he?
Did she?
Did he?
Did we?
Did you?
Did they?

Negative Interrogative

Didn't I? (Did I not?)
Didn't you? (Did you not?)
Didn't he? (Did he not?)
Didn't she? (Did she not?)
Didn't it? (Did it not?)
Didn't we? (Did we not?)
Didn't you? (Did you not?)
Didn't they? (Did they not?)


3. HAVE, HAD

A) Present Affirmative

I have (I've)
You have (You've)
She has (she's)
He has (he's)
It has (it's)
We have (we've)
You have (you've)
They have (they've)

Negative

I have not (I've not - I haven't)
You have not(You've not-You haven't)
He has not (He's not - He hasn't)
She has not (She's not - She hasn't)
It has not (It's not - It hasn't)
We have not (We've not - We haven't)
You have not(You've not-You haven't)
They have not (They've not - They haven't)

Interrogative

Have I?
Have you?
Has he?
Has she?
Has it?
Have we?
Have you?
Have they?

Interrogative Negative

Haven't I? (Have I not?)
Haven't you? (Have you not?)
Hasn't he? (Has he not?)
Hasn't she? (Has she not?)
Hasn't it? (Has it not?)
Haven't we? (Have we not?)
Haven't you (Have you not?)
Haven't they? (Have they not?)

B) Past Affirmative

I had (I'd)
You had (you'd)
He had (he'd)
She had (she'd)
It had (It'd)
We had (we'd)
You had (you'd)
They had (they'd)

Negative

I had not (I'd not - I hadn't)
You had not (you'd not - you hadn't)
He had not (he'd not - he hadn't)
She had not (she'd not - she hadn't)
It had not (it'd not - it hadn't)
We had not (we'd not - we hadn't)
You had not (you'd not - you hadn't)
They had not (they'd not - they hadn't)

Interrogative

Had I?
Had you?
Had he?
Had she?
Had it?
Had we?
Had you?
Had they?

Negative Interrogative

Hadn't I? (Had I not?)
Hadn't you? (Had you not?)
Hadn't he? (Had it not?)
Hadn't she? (Had she not?)
Hadn't it? (Had it not?)
Hadn't we? (Had we not?)
Hadn't you? (Had you not?)
Hadn't they? (Had they not?)


NOTES:

1. The negative-interrogative form of I am may be: AM I NOT? Or in the abbreviated form AREN'T I?

2. HAVE may be an auxiliary verb or a normal verb. Observe the following sentences:
a) I have seen the new car.
b) I have a new car.

In the sentence (a) have is an auxiliary verb; the main verb is seen.
In sentence (b) have is a normal verb and it means "to own", "to possess".

When the verb have is used as an auxiliary verb we form the negative and the interrogative forms without DO.

a) I have seen the new car.
Negative: I have not (haven't) seen your new car.
Interrogative: Have I seen his new car?

But if the verb have is used as an ordinary the negative and the interrogative forms are formed with DO.

b) I have a car.

Negative: I do not (don't) have a car.
Interrogative: Do I have a car?

3. DO is used to form the negative and the interrogative forms of the Simple Present and the Simple Past tenses.

I work                          I worked

I don't work                    I didn't work

Do I work?                      Did I work?

But it may be used in the affirmative + infinitive when we wish to add special emphasis:

I study every day.
I do study everyday. (do = really)

They saw her yesterday.
They did see her yesterday. (did = really)

Do and have can be used as ordinary verbs and their negative and interrogative forms are formed with do (present) and did (past).

I do my work in the morning.
I don't do my work in the morning.
Do you do your work in the morning?

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