Beit Hamikdash comes from two words.
Beit, "the house of," comes from the word "Bayit," house.
Mikdash is a sanctuary, a holy place.
The Beit HaMikdash is the holiest site for Jews. In that location, the Jews offered and will offer sacrifices and prayers.
The Beit Hamikdash is the place in which the Levites performed their duties; the Kohanim offered sacrifices; the High Priest, the Kohen HaGadol offered his prayers on behalf of the entire Jewish nation, on Yom Kippur.
All of these activities will be re-instated when the Beit Hamikdash is rebuilt, speedily, in our days.
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