![]() In 1862, his harsh rule over the city of New Orleans angered local citizens, Jefferson Davis, and even European allies of the Confederate cause. Throughout the war, Butler was an advocate for the rights of former slaves; he supported the establishment of African American regiments, and forced the Confederacy to recognize the military status of black Union soldiers. In 1865, Butler continued his political career as a radical member of the Republican party, and a Congressman from Massachusetts. The following year, he became one of the leaders of the impeachment of President Andrew Johnson. This portrait was probably made in the spring of 1864, around the time U.S. Grant put Butler in command of the Army of the James River.
Photograph from Library of Congress Civil War Collection
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![]() Eventually, with the aid of new technology, a shift in popular taste to looser-fitting men’s fashions and the increasing social acceptance of ready-made clothing, the clothing industry seized the opportunity to produce and sell a wide variety of ready-to-wear men’s garments. And, by 1860, two thirds of the ready-to-wear garments made in New York were sold to the south. But the impending war would once again shift the market trade.
Photographed at the Museum of American History.
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Photographed at the Museum of American History. |
Should the part injured remain weak, as it sometimes does in sever sprains, a safe remedy is to pump or pour on cold water freely for a few mornings.
Visit the Health Department to find interesting facts about 19th century medicine and home remedies used during the Civil War era.
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The memiors of Archibald Atkinson, Jr., who served as a doctor in the Confederate Army.
I will put before you two versions of recipes, one for the North and one for the South. With the exception of the Union Army, it would be unlikely for everyone in United States to adhere to only one method of preparation.
Additional variations can be found on the recipe pages.
Packed into large wooden crates, the soldiers were usually allowed six-to-eight crackers for a three-day ration. There were a number of ways to eat them, plain or prepared with other ration items. Soldiers would crumble them into coffee or soften them in water and fry the hardtack with some bacon grease. One favorite dish was fried pork with hardtack crumbled into the mixture. Called "skillygallee", it was a common and easily prepared meal.
Mix ingredients together into a stiff batter, knead several times, and spread the dough onto a baking sheet at a thickness of 1/2 inch. Bake for 30 minutes at 400 degrees. Remove from oven, cut dough into 3-inch squares, and punch four rows of holes into the dough. Turn dough over, return to the oven and bake another 30 minutes. Turn oven off, leaving door closed. Leave the hardtack in the oven until cool. |
Mix ingredients into a stiff batter and form eight biscuit-sized "dodgers". Bake on a lightly greased sheet at 350 degrees for twenty to twenty five minutes or until brown. Or spoon the batter into hot cooking oil in a frying pan over a low flame. Remove the corn dodgers and let cool. Optional: spread with a little butter or molasses, and you have a real southern treat! ![]() The variety of rations for Confederate soldiers paled by Union standards. However, early in the war, they usually received bacon and corn meal, tea, sugar or molasses, and fresh vegetables when they were available. |
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