orderproetida

LARVAE & TRILOBITE ORDERS:
PROETIDA

From Lerosey-Aubril & Feist (2005b) & Lerosey-Aubril et al. 2008

CLASSIFICATION & LARVAE:

Phyletic relationships within the order Proetida are still problematic. According to larval morphology (see pictures below), however, two major clades may compose the order: the Proetoidea and the group Aulacopleuroidea+Bathyuroidea (see Lerosey-Aubril & Feist, 2005a and references therein). Among others, an important difference between the two groups is the presence of a bulbous, nonadult-like, and probably planktonic first larval stage in the Proetoidea.
Interestingly, some telephinids also possess a planktonic first larval stage (Chatterton et al., 1999) but several features, including the presence of a sagittal furrow, clearly differentiate this larva from that of proetoids.

Table 1. Classification scheme of the order Ptychopariida (partially from Fortey, new Treatise, 1997). Protaspid larvae of 8 (yellow & bold) of the 15 families have been described so far.

PICTURES:

BATHYUROIDEA

Parahystricurus sp.

from Chatterton et al., 1999

first larval stage

second larval stage

AULACOPLEUROIDEA

Dimeropyge speyeri

from Chatterton, 1994

first larval stage

second larval stage

third larval stage

PROETOIDEA

Drevermannia richteri

from Lerosey-Aubril, 2005

first larval stage

second larval stage

LOCALITIES:

1. Esbataottine Formation, Mackenzie Mts., Northwest Territories, Canada. MIDDLE ORDOVICIAN
2. Headless Formation, Mackenzie Mts., Northwest Territories, Canada. MIDDLE DEVONIAN
3. Whittaker Formation, Mackenzie Mts., Northwest Territories, Canada. SILURIAN
4. Delorme Formation, Mackenzie Mts., Northwest Territories, Canada. SILURIAN
5. Crown Point Formation, New York State, USA. MIDDLE ORDOVICIAN
6. Edinburg Formation, Virginia, USA. MIDDLE ORDOVICIAN
7. Garden City Formation, Idaho, USA. EARLY ORDOVICIAN
8. Beechers Trilobite Beds, New York State, USA. MIDDLE ORDOVICIAN
9. Las Aguaditas Formation, San Juan Province, Argentina. MIDDLE / LATE ORDOVICIAN
10. San Juan Formation, San Juan Province, Argentina. EARLY / MIDDLE ORDOVICIAN
11. Korb-el-Atil & Ouidane Chebbi, Tafilalt, Morocco. LATE DEVONIAN
12. Gleitsch Formation, Thuringia, Germany. LATE DEVONIAN
13. Kopanina & Pridoli Formations, Stredocesky, Czech Republic. SILURIAN
14. Griotte Formation, Montagne Noire, France. LATE DEVONIAN / EARLY CARBONIFEROUS
15. Lower Elton Beds, Herefordshire, England. SILURIAN
16. Taemas Formation, New South Wales, Australia. EARLY DEVONIAN
17. Jianyangping, Hubei Province, China. EARLY SILURIAN

ARTICLES:

NOTE: This list only concerns articles where protaspid larvae of proetid trilobites have been described or figured.

ADRAIN, J.M. & B.D.E. CHATTERTON. 1995. The otarionine trilobites Harpidella and Maurotarion, with species from Northwestern Canada, the United States, and Australia. Journal of Paleontology, 69(2): 307-326.
ADRAIN, J.M. & B.D.E. CHATTERTON. 1995. Aulacopleurine trilobites from the Llandovery of northwestern Canada. Journal of Paleontology, 69(2): 326-340.
BEECHER, C.E. 1893. A larval form of Triarthrus. American Journal of Science, 46(3): 361-362.
BEECHER, C.E. 1895. The larval stages of trilobites. The American Geologist, 16(3): 166-197.
CHATTERTON, B.D.E. 1971. Taxonomy and ontogeny of Siluro-Devonian trilobites from near Yass, New South Wales. Palaeontographica A, 137: 1-108.
CHATTERTON, B.D.E. 1980. Ontogenetic studies of Middle Ordovician trilobites from the Esbataottine Formation, Mackenzie Mountains, Canada. Palaeontographica A, 171: 1-74.
CHATTERTON, B.D.E. 1994. Ordovician proetide trilobite Dimeropyge, with a new species from Northwestern Canada. Journal of Paleontology, 68(3): 541-556.
CHATTERTON, B.D.E. & R. LUDVIGSEN. 1976. Silicified Middle Ordovician trilobites from the South Nahanni River area, District of Mackenzie, Canada. Palaeontographica A, 154: 1-106.
CHATTERTON, B.D.E. & S. E. SPEYER. 1997. Ontogeny, p. 173-247 (see fig. 166-5, p.212). In R. L. Kaessler (ed.). Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part O, Arthropoda 1, Trilobita (revised). Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, Lawrence, 530 p.
CHATTERTON, B.D.E., G.D., EDGECOMBE, N.E., VACCARI, & B.G. WAISFELD. 1999. Ontogenies of some Ordovician Telephinidae from Argentina , and larval patterns in the Proetida (Trilobita). Journal of Paleontology, 73(2): 219-239. Abstract    Text
CHATTERTON, B.D.E., G.D., EDGECOMBE, B.G., WAISFELD & N.E. VACCARI. 1998. Ontogeny and systematics of Toernquistiidae (Trilobita, Proetida) from the Ordovician of the Argentine precordillera. Journal of Paleontology, 72(2): 273-303.
Abstract    Text
CISNE, J.L. 1973. Life history of an Ordovician trilobite Triarthrus eatoni. Ecology, 54: 135-142.
CRONIER, C., R., FEIST, K., BARTZSCH, & D. WEYER. 1999. Larval morphology and ontogeny of a Late Devonian phacopid with reduced sight from Thuringia, Germany. Journal of Paleontology, 73(2): 240-255. Abstract    Text
EDGECOMBE, G.D., B.D.E. CHATTERTON, N.E., VACCARI, & B.G. WAISFELD. 1997. Ontogeny of the proetoid trilobite Stenoblepharum, and relationships of a new species from the Upper Ordovician of Argentina. Journal of Paleontology, 71(3): 419-433.
HU, C.-H. 1971. Ontogeny and sexual dimorphism of Lower Palaeozoic Trilobita. Palaeontographica Americana, 7(44): 29-55.
HU, C.-H. 1975. Ontogenies of four species of silicified Middle Ordovician trilobites from Virginia. Proceedings of the Geological Society of China, 18: 115-127.
HU, C.-H. 1976. Ontogenies of three species of silicified Middle Ordovician trilobites from Virginia. Transactions and proceedings of the Palaeontological Society of Japan (new series), 101: 247-263.
LEE, D.-C. & B.D.E. CHATTERTON. 1997. Three new proetide trilobite larvae from the Lower Ordovician Garden City Formation in Southern Idaho. Journal of Paleontology, 71(3): 434-441.
LEE, D.-C. & B.D.E. CHATTERTON. 1997. Hystricurid trilobite larvae from the Garden City formation (Lower Ordovician) of Idaho and their Phylogenetic implications. Journal of Paleontology, 71(5): 862-877.
LEROSEY-AUBRIL, R. & R. FEIST. 2005a. First Carboniferous protaspid larvae (Trilobita). Journal of Paleontology, 79(4): 702-718. Abstract    Text
LEROSEY-AUBRIL, R. & R. FEIST. 2005b. Ontogeny of a new cyrtosymboline trilobite from the Famennian of Morocco. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 50(3): 449-464. Abstract    pdf version
LEROSEY-AUBRIL, R. 2006. Ontogeny of Drevermannia and the origin of blindness in Late Devonian proetoid trilobites. Geological Magazine, 143(1): 83-104.    Abstract    pdf version
LEROSEY-AUBRIL, R., R., FEIST & B.D.E., CHATTERTON. 2007. The ontogeny and systematics of the otarionine trilobite Otarionella from the Devonian of the Montagne Noire, France and the Maider, Morocco. Geological Magazine: 145: 55-71.    Abstract pdf version (on request)
OWENS, R.M. 1974. The affinities of the trilobite genus Scharyia, with a description of two new species. Palaeontology, 17: 685-697.    pdf version
ROSS, R.J.J. 1953. Additional Garden City (Early Ordovician) trilobites. Journal of Paleontology, 27(5): 633-646.
SNAJDR, M. 1980. Bohemian Silurian and Devonian Proetidae (Trilobita). Rozpravy Ustredniho Ustavu Geologickeho, 45: 1-324.
SNAJDR, M. 1981. Ontogeny of some representatives of the trilobite genus Scharyia. Journal of Geological Sciences (Paleontology), 24: 7-35.
SPEYER, S.E. & B.D.E. CHATTERTON. 1989. Trilobite larvae and larval ecology. Historical Biology, 3: 27-60.
TRIPP, R.P. & W.R. EVITT. 1983. Silicified trilobites of the genus Dimeropyge from the Middle Ordovician of Virginia. Special Papers in Paleontology, 30: 229-240.
VELA, J.A. & J. CORBACHO. 2007. Note about larval stages of Drevermannia (Lower Carboniferous) from C�noves (Barcelona, Spain). Scripta Musei Geologici Seminarii Barcinonensis, Series Palaeontologica, 2: 19-30.
WHITTINGTON, H.B. 1957. Ontogeny of Elliptocephala, Paradoxides, Sao, Blainia, and Triarthrus (Trilobita). Journal of Paleontology, 31: 934-946.
YUAN, W.-W., LI, L.-Z., ZHOU, Z.-Y., ZHANG, C.-S. 2001. Ontogeny of the Silurian trilobite Aulacopleura (Aulacopleura) wulongensis Wang of western Hubei and its implications for the phylogeny of the Aulacopleurinae. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, 40(3): 388-398.