orderptychopariida

LARVAE & TRILOBITE ORDERS:
PTYCHOPARIIDA

from Parkh, Tae-yoon (Unpublished) & Edgecombe et al., 2005

CLASSIFICATION & LARVAE:

The polyphyletic nature of the order Ptychopariida is well known. However, with larvae of about 40% of ptychopariid families described so far, we can reasonably think that larval characteristics will be of the utmost importance for solving this problem of polyphyly.

Table 1. Classification scheme of the order Ptychopariida (from Fortey, new Treatise, 1997, slightly modified). Protaspid larvae of 17 (yellow & bold) of the 42 families have been described so far.

LOCALITIES:

Coming soon...

ARTICLES:

NOTE: This list only concerns articles where protaspid larvae of ptychopariid trilobites have been described or figured.

BARRANDE, J. 1852. Systeme Silurien du Centre de la Boheme. I. Recherches Paleontologiques, vol. 1 (Crustaces: Trilobites). Pragues & Paris. 935 p.
BROGGER, W.C. 1875. Fossiler fra Oxna og Kletten. Geologiska Foereningens i Stockholm Foerhandlingar, 2(1874-1875): 572-580.
CLARKSON, E.N.K. & P. AHLBERG. 2002. Ontogeny and structure of a new, miniturised and spiny olenid trilobite from Southern Sweden. Palaeontology, 45(1): 1-22.    Abstract
CLARKSON, E.N.K. & C.M. TAYLOR. 1995. Ontogeny of the trilobite Olenus wahlenbergi Westergard, 1922 from the Upper Cambrian Alum Shales of Andrarum, Skane, Sweden. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, Earth Sciences, 86: 13-34.
CLARKSON, E.N.K., J., AHLGREN, & C.M. TAYLOR. 2003. Ontogeny, structure and functional morphology of some spiny Ctenopyge species (Trilobita) from the Upper Cambrian of V�sterg�tland, Sweden. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, Earth Sciences, 94: 115-143.
CLARKSON, E.N.K., C.M., TAYLOR, & P. AHLBERG. 1997. Ontogeny of the trilobite Parabolina spinulosa (Wahlenberg, 1818) from the Upper Cambrian Alum Shales of Sweden. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, Earth Sciences, 88: 69-89.
CLAUSEN, S. 2004. Paedomorphic pattern of the Cambrian genus Alueva (Trilobita, Ellipsocephalidae) from the Iberian Chains (NE Spain). Geobios, 37: 336-345.
EDGECOMBE, G.D., B.D.E., CHATTERTON, N.E., VACCARI, & B.G. WAISFELD. 2005. Triarthrinid trilobites (Olenidae) from the Middle and Upper Ordovician, Precordillera of Argentina. Journal of Paleontology, 79(1): 89-109. Abstract
FORTEY, R.A. 1974. The Ordovician trilobites of Spitsbergen. I. Olenidae. Norsk Polarinstitutt Skrifter, 160: 1-181.
HU, C.-H. 1963. The dimorphism and ontogeny of Norwoodella halli Resser. Transactions and Proceedings of the Palaeontological Society of Japan (new series), 52: 129-132.
HU, C.-H. 1964. The ontogeny and dimorphism of Welleraspis lata Howell (Trilobita). Journal of Paleontology, 38: 95-97.
HU, C.-H. 1964. Ontogeny and dimorphism of the trilobite Peltura scarabeoides (Wahlenberg) from the Upper Cambrian of Norway. Journal of the Palaeontological Society of India, 5-9: 39-44.
HU, C.-H. 1968. Notes on the ontogeny and sexual dimorphism of Upper Cambrian trilobites of the Welleraspis faunule from Pennsylvania. Journal of Nanyang University, 2: 321-357.
HU, C.-H. 1969. Ontogeny and sexual dimorphism of three Upper Cambrian trilobites. Journal of Nanyang University, 3: 438-462.
HU, C.-H. 1971. Ontogeny and sexual dimorphism of Lower Paleozoic Trilobita. Palaeontographica Americana, 7(44): 29-155.
HU, C.-H. 1972. Ontogeny of three Cedaria Zone trilobites from the Upper Cambrian, Montana. Transactions and Proceedings of the Palaeontological Society of Japan (new series), 85: 245-259.
HU, C.-H. 1978. Ontogenies of four Upper Cambrian trilobites from the Bonneterre Dolomite, Missouri. Transactions and Proceedings of the Palaeontological Society of Japan (new series), 111: 348-357.
HU, C.-H. 1979. Ontogenetic studies of a few Upper Cambrian trilobites from the Deadwood Formation, South Dakota. Transactions and Proceedings of the Palaeontological Society of Japan (new series), 114: 49-63.
HU, C.-H. 1980. Ontogenies of a few Upper Cambrian trilobites from the Deadwood Formation, South Dakota. Transactions and Proceedings of the Palaeontological Society of Japan (new series), 119: 371-387.
HU, C.-H. 1984. Ontogenesis of Ehmaniella burgessensis Rasetti (Trilobita) from Burgess shale, Middle Cambrian, Yoho park, British Columbia. Transactions and Proceedings of the Palaeontological Society of Japan (new series), 135: 395-400.
HU, C.-H. 1985. Ontogenetic development of Cambrian trilobites from British Columbia and Alberta, Canada (Part I). Journal of the Taiwan Museum, 38(2): 121-158.
HU, C.-H. 1986. Ontogenetic development of Cambrian trilobites from British Columbia and Alberta, Canada (Part II). Journal of the Taiwan Museum, 39(1): 1-44.
HU, C.-H. & I.L. LI. 1971. Ontogenies of four proparian trilobites from the Upper Cambrian, Montana, USA (with a description of Vernaculina lushihi, n.sp.). Proceedings of the Geological Society of China, 14: 165-184.
HU, C.-H. & L.L. TAN. 1971. Ontogenies of two Upper Cambrian trilobites from northern Black Hills, South Dakota. Transactions and proceedings of the Palaeontological Society of Japan (new series), 82: 61-72.
KAUTSKY, F. 1945. Die Unterkambrische Fauna vom Aistjakk in Lappland (Die Larven von Strenuella). Geologiska Foereningens i Stockholm Foerhandlingar, 67: 129-211.
KOPASKA-MERKEL, D.C. 1981. Ontogeny of Ehmaniella: implications for trilobite ecology. United State Geological Survey, Open-file Report, 81-743: 111-114.
LALICKER, C.G. 1935. Larval stages of trilobites from the Middle Cambrian of Alabama. Journal of Paleontology, 9(5): 394-399.
LEE, D.-C. & B.D.E. CHATTERTON. 2005. Protaspid ontogeny of Bolaspidella housensis (Order Ptychopariida, Class Trilobita), and other similar Cambrian protaspides. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences, 96(1): 21-41.    Abstract
LEE, D.-C. & B.D.E. CHATTERTON. 2005. Protaspides of Upper Cambrian Aphelaspis (Ptychopariida, Trilobita) and related species with their taxonomic implications. Palaeontology, 48(6): 1351-1375. Abstract
LEE, D.-C. & B.D.E. CHATTERTON. 2007. Protaspides of uppermost Cambrian trilobite Missisquoia, with implications for suprafamilial level classification of the genus. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 44: 493-506.    Abstract
LEE, D.-C. & B.D.E. CHATTERTON. 2007. Ontogeny of Parabolinella panosa (Olenidae, Trilobita) from the uppermost Furongian (Upper Cambrian) of northwestern Canada, with discussion of olenid protaspides. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 44: 1695-1711.   Abstract
LIN, T.-R. & S.-C. PENG. 2004. New material of Palaeolenus (Trilobita, Cambrian) from the eastern Yangtze Gorge area, western Hubei. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, 43(1): 32-40.
LUDVIGSEN, R. 1982. Upper Cambrian and Lower Ordovician biostratigraphy of the Rabbitkettle Formation, Western District of Mackenzie. Life Sciences Contributions (Royal Ontario Museum Toronto), 134: 1-188.
MANSSON, K. 1998. Middle Ordovician olenid trilobites (Triarthrus Green and Porterfieldia Cooper) from J�mtland, central Sweden. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences, 89: 44-62.
MATTHEW, G.F. 1888. Illustrations of the fauna of the St. John Group. II. The smaller trilobites with eyes (Ptychoparidae and Ellipsocephalidae). Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada, 5(section 4): 123-166.
PALMER, A.R. 1958. Morphology and ontogeny of a Lower Cambrian ptychoparioid trilobite from Nevada. Journal of Paleontology, 32: 154-170.
PALMER, A.R. 1962. Comparative ontogeny of some opisthoparian, gonatoparian and proparian Upper Cambrian trilobites. Journal of Paleontology, 36(1): 87-96.
POULSEN, C. 1923. Bornholms Olenslag og deres Fauna. Danmarks Geologiske Undersogelse (series 2), 40: 1-83.
RASETTI, F. 1954. Phylogeny of the Cambrian trilobite family Catellicephalidae and ontogeny of Welleraspis. Journal of Paleontology, 28(5): 599-612.
RUDOLPH, F. 1994. Die Trilobiten der mittelkambrischen Geschriebe. Verlag Frank Rudolph, Wakendorf. 309 pp.    NEW
SNAJDR, M. 1990. Bohemian trilobites. Geological Survey. Prague. 265 p.
STORMER, L. 1942. Studies on trilobite morphology, part II : the larval development, the segmentation and the sutures, and their bearing on trilobite classification. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift, 21: 49-164.
STRAND, T. 1927. The ontogeny of Olenus gibbosus. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift, 9: 320-329.
STUBBLEFIELD, C.J. 1926. Notes on the development of Shumardia pusilla. Linnean Society Journal of Zoology, 36: 345-372.
TAYLOR, M.E. 1976. Indigenous and redeposited trilobites from Late Cambrian basinal environments of Central Nevada. Journal of Paleontology, 50(4): 668-700.
WAISFELD, B.G., N.E., VACCARI, B.D.E., CHATTERTON, & G.D. EDGECOMBE. 2001. Systematics of Shumardiidae (Trilobita), with new species from the Ordovician of Argentina. Journal of Paleontology, 75(4): 827-859.    Abstract
WENWEI, Y., R.A., FORTEY, Z., ZHOU & S.T. TURVEY. 2006. Ontogeny and relationships of the trilobite Pseudopetigurus Prantl & Pribyl, 1949. Palaeontology.    abstract
WHITTINGTON, H.B. 1957. Ontogeny of Elliptocephala, Paradoxides, Sao, Blainia, and Triarthrus (Trilobita). Journal of Paleontology, 31: 934-946.
WHITTINGTON, H.B. 1958. Ontogeny of the trilobite Peltura scarabaeoides from Upper Cambrian, Denmark. Palaeontology, 1: 200-206.   pdf version
WHITWORTH, P.H. 1970. Ontogeny of the Upper Cambrian trilobite Leptoplastus crassicornis (Westergaard) from Sweden. Palaeontology, 13: 100-111.    pdf version
YI, D.-R. 1988. Ontogeny of Palaeolenus lantenoisi (Trilobita). Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, 27(1): 31-38.
ZHANG, X.-G. 1987. Moult stages and dimorphism of Early Cambrian bradoriids from Xichuan, Henan, China. Alcheringa, 11: 1-19.