In 1816, Ira Draper invented an improved type of temple (shown above), a device that kept the cloth stretched to the desired degree as it was woven in a loom. Eventually his son, Ebenezer, obtained the patent. Ebenezer and his wife, Anna, were among the original members of the Hopedale Community. The temple became one of a number of products manufactured in the little shop at the Freedom Street dam on the Mill River. It was, however, the most financially successful product. In 1853, Ebenezer's brother, George, moved to Hopedale and joined the Community. By 1856, the temple was selling so well that Ebenezer and George owned three-quarters of the stock in the Community. They decided to withdraw their investment, which resulted in the failure of the Community. Over the next several decades, the company the Draper brothers formed produced and sold many different parts for spinning and weaving machinery, and in 1894 they sold their first looms.
Here's what the official Draper history has to say on the matter:
In 1816 Ira was granted a patent on an improved fly-shuttle hand loom. It was superior in many ways to the hand looms then in use, but the advent of the power loom made it inadvisable to push its manufacture and sale.
A feature of his loom patent, however, was the fact that it covered the invention of the first self-acting loom temple, which proved as timely as his loom was untimely. It was attached to the loom breast beam, held the cloth over a revolving star wheel, and was practically automatic. The temples in use at that time were of the stretcher type and had to be taken off and readjusted so often they required a considerable part ot the weaver's time and labor.
Mr. Daper's temple. by relieving the weaver of this time-killing labor, greatly increased the product of the new power looms and enabled the weaver to run two looms instead of one. For fifty years, or until England began to use self-acting temples, it established and kept the number of looms per weaver in American mills above that of their English cousins.
Ira Draper's invention of the temple was notable in textile history for several reasons. It was the second invention in the textile field by an American. Eli Whitney's cotton gin was the first. It came at a time to contribute powerfully to the successful establishment of the factory system in America. It was outstandingly notable because it became the foundation of the business of Draper Corporation which through five generations of Drapers has given the American textile industry hundreds of machines and devices that have marked the progress of cloth-making in this country. William H. Chase, Five Generations of Loom Builders, pp. 4 - 5.
A little further on, Chase continues with the next development in temples:
In 1854 he [George Draper] bought an interest in the new Dutcher temple, then made in North Bennington, Vt., the first temple with cylindrical rolls and the first to be reciprocated by the lay. The business was moved to Hopedale two years later, when the inventor joined the two Draper brothers in the partnership of W.W. Dutcher & Co. Chase, p. 7.
In the photos below, the temples are circled in red in the first two pictures.The real working part, the temple roll, is out of sight. It's a small, rotating cylinder with many projecting points which engage the cloth as it passes by. You can see the roll at the bottom of the third picture, which is from an undated catalog showing a large number of Dutcher temples. Temple rolls were produced in an area of the shop called the roll room. Only women were employed for this job. (Starting during World War I women were hired for other jobs in Drapers, but up until then, the roll room was the only department where they were allowed to work.) Instead of patenting the process of inserting the teeth into the cylinder, Drapers kept it secret. The roll room was kept locked. Ira's temple was patented, but it seems that either the Ducher and later models or the process of manufacturing them, or both, weren't.
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