Mechanical layout and how the Premier saved Chrysler
The acquisition of AMC by Chrysler was finalized in August, 1987, having been announced in March after months of rumors. August is typically the run-up to the model year introduction, when the next year's models - and especially any new models - are brought out to be shown to the press. It didn't take long for the Premier to make itself felt within the Chrysler organization, especially when the pre-production models had already been shown to the press, and articles such as the one entitiled "The Eagle Premier: The Best Car AMC (N)Ever Made" were starting to appear in the motoring press.
A very interesting press conference was held in August 1987, for the introduction of the Dodge Spirit and the Plymouth Acclaim. While the name Spirit itself came from AMC, there was nothing about else about these cars that had anything to do with the newly-acquired division, as they were strictly K-car derivatives, based largely on the (then one year old) Dodge Dynasty and Chrysler New Yorker. However, a very interesting comment was made, with some fanfare, during this press conference: the world was informed very emphatically that these were the last new cars to be designed off of the K-car platform, and that all future new cars would be distinguishable from K-car derivatives. While the K-cars (Dodge Aries and Plymouth Reliant, and later the Chrysler LeBaron) were indeed the cars that saved Chrysler, the real magic that they brought was a platform from which an entire generation of Chrysler cars was built, including every passenger car that was introduced between the 1981 and 1988 model years, and the hugely successful line of mini-vans (the Dodge Caravan, Plymouth Voyager, and the Chrysler Town and Country), which quickly became Chrysler's cash cows. While Chrysler bought AMC mainly for its Jeep division (which went on to become the other half of the profit picture for Chrysler), and the dealer body that sold them, it got more than just that: the newest auto factory in North America (Bramalea), and the Premier that was to be built there.
The Premier was far more sophisticated than any native Chrysler product: all the K-car derivatives had transversely-mounted engines: either a 2.2 litre, 4-cylinder engine (sometimes turbocharged, and carbureted between 1981 and 1986; afterwards fitted with TBI), a 2.6 litre 4-cylinder engine (carbureted) which was built by Mitsubishi, a Chrysler-built 2.5 litre engine which was based on the 2.2 but incorporated the silent-shaft technology of the 2.6, or the 3.0 litre engine that was built by Misubishi (this engine was only available in certain models, mainly the mini-vans). All K-car derivatives had a solid rear axle, and all but the mini-vans had trailing links and a Panhard rod; even the sports models' handling was not very good.
The Premier was an entirely different animal. Like Saabs and Audis, the Premier had a longitudinal engine layout, together with front-wheel drive. This meant that most of the engine vibrations were side-to-side, which is far less noticeable than front-to-back. In addition, the Premier had an independent rear suspension, using torsion rods. The Premier's V-6 was a very refined engine, which had appeared in this country under the hoods of luxury or near-luxury cars such as the Peugeot 505 and the Volvo 260 series.
Originally intended as a V-8 (pretty well Europe's answer to the Small Block Chevy and the Buick-Rover 3.5 litre aluminum V-8), the fuel crisis of 1973 convinced the joint venture partners (Peugeot/Citroen, Renault, and Volvo) to delete 2 cylinders and make it a V-6. All these engines were produced in France by the Societe Franco-Suedois de Moteurs-PRV, and all used a common basic block layout, which incorporated a main bearing girdle and an almost square oil sump pan. These were light-alloy, all-aluminum engines, which had a very good power-to-weight ratio. Each of the joint venture partners designed unique heads and intake and exhaust manifold systems, sometimes using carburetion (as on Euro-spec Volvo 260s), other times using injection (Bosch on the US-spec Volvos, Renix (Renault/Bendix) on Renaults), sometimes normal aspiration and sometimes turbocharging, sometimes SOHC and sometimes DOHC. The basic block, however, was common to all applications, despite details such as different displacements between 2.5 litres and 3.0 litres.
The transmission was different, as well. While Chrysler still lacked an overdrive automatic (and would for another 2 years), the transmission behind the PRV V-6 in the Premier was a very sophisticated transmission: built by ZF, it is quite similar (almost identical) to the transmissions used in Saabs (especially 900s and 9000s). And the Renault/Volkswagen (Audi) AR-4 transmission behind the AMC 4-cylinder was one of the first electronically-controlled transmissions in the US market.
The ultimate proof of just how good even Chrysler thought the Premier was came in the form of its replacement. Widely regarded as the car line that again saved Chrylser, the LH series of cars (the Dodge Intrepid, Eagle Vision, Chrysler Concorde, and the Chrysler LHS) were almost entirely based on the Premier. The longitudinal engine layout was retained, with two versions of Chrylser's V-6 (3.3 litre OHV and 3.5 litre OHC) substituting for the PRV V-6 (now that the contract for the purchase of engines from Renault had expired), and a Chrysler-built transaxle substituting for the ZF. The rear suspension was Americanized, but was almost a xerox copy of the Premier suspension. Even the styling was similar, only made more aerodynamic.
The overall picture is that the people speaking for Chrysler at the press conference knew exactly what their upcoming models would be based on, and they already had reason to hope that those new models would do something that Chryslers previous models hadn't been able to do: put Chrysler back on the map in the larger end of the automotive spectrum.