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Notice that some of the older elements are disappearing (depreciating), like DIR and MENU, now replaced by the more efficient UL.
This page ends with notes on XHTML, the next challenge for our poor old Browsers.
What are inline, block, parent, children,
replaced and floating elements?
- Inline
- Inline elements do not have line breaks. Can occur in block elements or
other inline elements, cannot contain block elements.
Inline elements in HTML 3.2;
EM, STRONG, DFN, CODE, SAMP, KBD, VAR,
CITE, TT, I, B, U, STRIKE, BIG, SMALL, SUB, SUP, A, IMG, APPLET, FONT,
BASEFONT, BR, SCRIPT, MAP, INPUT, SELECT, TEXTAREA.
Inline elements in HTML 4.0 Transitional;
EM, STRONG, DFN, CODE, SAMP, KBD, VAR, CITE, ABBR, ACRONYM, TT, I, B, U, S, STRIKE, BIG, SMALL, SUB, SUP, A, IMG, APPLET, OBJECT, FONT, BASEFONT, BR, SCRIPT, MAP, Q, SPAN, BDO, IFRAME, INPUT, SELECT, TEXTAREA, LABEL, BUTTON, (INS, DEL).
Inline elements in HTML 4.0;
EM, STRONG, DFN, CODE, SAMP, KBD, VAR,
CITE, ABBR, ACRONYM, TT, I, B, BIG, SMALL, SUB, SUP, A, IMG, OBJECT, BR,
SCRIPT, MAP, Q, SPAN, BDO, INPUT, SELECT, TEXTAREA, LABEL, BUTTON, (INS,
DEL).
- Block
- Block elements which do have line breaks. May occur in other block elements, cannot occur in inline elements, may contain both block and inline elements.
Block elements in HTML 3.2;
H1, H2, H3, H4, H5, H6, ADDRESS, P, DL, DT, DD, UL, OL, DIR, MENU, LI, DIV, CENTER, BLOCKQUOTE, PRE, HR, ISINDEX, TABLE, FORM.
Block elements in HTML 4.0 Transitional;
P, H1, H2, H3, H4, H5, H6, UL, OL, DIR, MENU, PRE, DL, DIV, CENTER, NOSCRIPT, NOFRAMES, BLOCKQUOTE,
FORM, ISINDEX, HR, TABLE, FIELDSET, ADDRESS, (INS, DEL).
Block elements in HTML 4.0;
P, H1, H2, H3, H4, H5, H6, UL, OL, PRE, DL, DIV, NOSCRIPT, BLOCKQUOTE, FORM, HR, TABLE, FIELDSET, ADDRESS, (INS, DEL).
- Parents and children
- Elements which either contain (parents) or are in the content of
(children) other elements,
e.g.
<P>text<STRONG>text</STRONG>text</P>.
P is a parent of STRONG. STRONG is a
child of P. If not specified otherwise, children will inherit
parent's properties.
NOTE: not all properties are inherited.
One such property is background. However, since it's initial value is transparent the background of the parent element will shine through by default unless it is explicitly set.
Specified percentage values are not inherited; computed values are.
- Replaced
- elements which content is replaced. For example content of the
IMG element is replaced with an image, content of the
INPUT element is replace with a field.
- Floating
- elements which follow the flow of a parent - inline elements.
XHTML 1.0: The Extensible HyperText Markup Language
Element and attribute names must be in lower case. This difference is necessary because XML is case-sensitive e.g. <li> and <LI> are different tags.
End tags are required for non-empty elements, e.g. <p>Paragraph of words.</p>.
The new XHTML guidelines are that empty elements must either have an end tag or the start tag must end with
[space]/>. For instance, <br /> or
<hr></hr> and <img
src="karen.jpg" alt="Karen" />. Also, use the minimized tag
syntax for empty elements, e.g. <br />, as
the alternative syntax <br></br>
allowed by XML gives uncertain results in many existing user agents.
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