The historically central kingdoms of Francia, besides
These were all part of the Empire of Charlemagne. (
Outremer ("across the sea"), however, considered as part of Mediaeval Romania, and mostly Orthodox or Islâmic in faith, was a kind of colony, and a temporary one, of Francia, not strictly part of the "periphery." All the parts of it ended up conquered by the Turks.
Culturally, the Periphery of Francia is
distinguished by the same characteristics detailed for Francia,
i.e. the original jurisdiction of the Catholic Church, the use of the Latin
language and alphabet, etc. Some of these areas seem more peripheral than
others.
My sources for all these tables are often given with the specific tables. A discussion of general sources is given under Francia.
,
,
and the
,
445 AD-Present
The
Roman withdrawal from
This was due to the mission of
The kings of Wales, in effect the last
piece of Roman Britain, was annexed by
The earliest history and dates for
I have found an outstanding source for all British and Irish rulers, and
some other royalty and nobility, in The Mammoth Book of British Kings and
Queens by Mike Ashley [Carroll & Graf Publishers, Inc.,
Kings of |
Kings of |
High Kings of |
|
|||
Niall Noígillach of the Nine
Hostages |
379-405, |
|
||||
Dathi/Nath I |
405-428 |
|
||||
Hengest |
c.455-488 |
Lóeguire macNéill |
429-463 |
|
||
St. Patrick,
mission to Ireland, 432; d. 461 |
|
|||||
Oisc, Oeric
(Aesc) |
c.488-516 |
Ailill Motl
mac Nath I |
463-483 |
|
||
Octha |
c.516-540 |
Cerdic |
c.538-554 |
Lugaid macLóeguiri
O'Néill |
483-507 |
|
Muirchertach macErcae
O'Néill |
507-534 |
|
||||
Eormenric |
c.540-580 |
Cynric |
c.554-581 |
Tuathal Máelgarb
macCorpri Cáech O'Néill |
534-544 |
|
Diarmait macCerbaill
O'Néill |
544-565 |
|
||||
St. Columba, mission to Scotland, 563; d. 597 |
|
|||||
St. AEthelbert I |
c.580-616 |
Ceawlin |
c.581-588 d.c.589 |
Domnall macMuirchertaig
O'Néill |
565-566 |
|
Forggus macMuirchertaig
O'Néill |
565-566 |
|
||||
Ainmere macSátnai
O'Néill |
566-569 |
|
||||
Báetán macMuirchertaig
O'Néill |
569-572 |
|
||||
Eochaid macDomnaill
O'Néill |
569-572 |
|
||||
Báetán macNinnedo
O'Néill |
572-581 |
|
||||
Ceol |
588-594 |
Aed macAinmerech
O'Néill |
581-598 |
|
||
Ceolwulf |
594-611 |
Aed Sláine
macDiarmato O'Néill |
598-604 |
|
||
Colmán Rímid
macBáetáin O'Néill |
rival, |
|
||||
Aed Uaridnach
macDomnaill O'Néill |
604-612 |
|||||
St. Augustine of
Canterbury, |
|
|||||
Eadbald |
616-640 |
Cynegils |
611-643 |
Máel Cobo
macAedo O'Néill |
612-615 |
|
Suibne Menn
macFiachnai O'Néill |
615-628 |
|
||||
Domnall macAedo
O'Néill |
628-642 |
|
||||
Earconbert |
640-664 |
Cenwealh |
643-672 |
Conall Cóel
macMáele Cobo O'Néill |
642-654 |
|
Cellach macMáele
Cobo O'Néill |
jointly, |
|
||||
Diarmait macAedo
Sláine O'Néill |
jointly, |
|
||||
Blathmac macAedo
Sláine O'Néill |
jointly, |
|
||||
Sechnussach macBlathmaic
O'Néill |
665-671 |
|
||||
Egbert I |
664-673 |
Seaxburh |
Queen, |
Cenn Fáelad
macBlathmaic O'Néill |
671-675 |
|
Hlothhere |
673-685 |
Aescwine |
674-676 |
Finsnechtae Fledach
macDúnchada O'Néill |
675-695 |
|
Centwine |
676-685, |
|||||
Eadric |
685-686 |
|
||||
686-687 |
Caedwalla |
685-687 |
|
|||
Mul |
686-687 |
Ine |
688-726 |
|
||
Sigehere |
King of |
|
||||
Oswine |
688-690 |
|
||||
Swaeflheard |
689-692 |
|
||||
Wihtred |
691-725 |
Loingsech macOengus
O'Néill |
695-704 |
|
||
Congal Cinn
Magir macFergus Fánat O'Néill |
704-710 |
|
||||
Fergal macMáele Dúin O'Néill |
710-722 |
|
||||
Fogartach macNéill
O'Néill |
722-724 |
|
||||
Cináed mac
Irgalaig |
724-728 |
|
||||
AEthelbert II |
725-748, |
AEthelheard |
728-740 |
Flaithbbertach macLoingsig O'Néill |
724-734 |
|
Aed Allán
macFergal O'Néill |
734-743 |
|
||||
Eadberht I |
725-c.762 |
Domnall Midi O'Néill |
743-763 |
|
||
Ealric |
725-? |
|
||||
Eardwulf |
c.748-754 |
Cuthred |
740-756 |
|
||
Sigered |
759-763 |
Sigebert |
756-757 |
|
||
Ealhmund |
762-764, |
Cynewulf |
756-786 |
|
||
Heaberht |
764-c.771 |
Niall Frossach macFergal O'Néill |
763-770 |
|
||
Egbert II |
764-c.784 |
Donnchad Midi macDomnaill Midi O'Néill |
770-797 |
|
||
Offa |
King of |
Beorhtric |
786-802 |
|
||
c.785-796 |
|
|||||
Eadberht II |
796-798 |
Aed Oirdnide
macNéill Frossach O'Néill |
797-819 |
|
||
Cuthred of |
798-807 |
Egbert |
802-839 |
Conchobar macDonnchado
Midi O'Néill |
819-833 |
|
|
King of |
Niall Caille macAedo
Oirdnide O'Néill |
833-846 |
|
||
Baldred |
823-825 |
|
||||
825-839 |
AEthelwulf |
|
|
|
|
Rhodri the Great |
844-878 |
Anarawd ap Rhodri |
878-916 |
Idwal the Bald |
916-942 |
Hywel Dda |
King of |
942-950 |
|
Iago ab
Idwal |
950-979 |
Ieuaf ab
Idwal |
950-969 |
Hywel ap
Ieuaf |
974-985 |
Cadwallon ap Ieuaf |
985-986 |
Maredudd ap Owain |
King of |
986-999 |
|
Cynan ap
Hywel |
999-1005 |
Llywelyn ap Seisyll |
1005-1023 |
Iago ap
Idwal |
1023-1039 |
Gruffydd ap Llywelyn |
1039-1063 |
Bleddyn ap Cynfyn |
1063-1075 |
Rhiwallon ap Cynfyn |
1063-1070 |
Trahern ap Caradog |
1075-1081 |
Gruffydd ap Cynan |
1081-1137 |
Owain Gwynedd |
1137-1170 |
Maelgwyn ab Owain |
1170-1173 |
Dafydd ab
Owain |
1170-1195, |
Rhodri ab Owain |
1170-1190, |
Llywelyn the Great |
1195-1240 |
Prince of |
|
Dafydd ap
Llywelyn |
1240-1246 |
Llywelyn the Last |
1246-1282 |
Prince of |
|
Owain ap
Gruffydd |
1246-1255, |
Dafydd ap
Gruffydd |
1282-1283 |
Conquest by |
|
Edward, |
Prince of |
King of |
The descent of the Tudors from Welsh royalty is shown, but there are some
uncertainties about this. The Mammoth Book of British Kings and Queens
gives it [p.331] as though unproblematic, but Brian Tompsett's Royal and Noble genealogy gives an alternate
descent and discusses other uncertainties. While the Welsh derivation of the
Tudors is beyond doubt, one suspects that Henry VII or others might not be
above manufacturing a royal version of the descent. While the main line
of the Tudors died out, it will be noted below that all subsequent British royality is descended from Henry VII through his daughter
Margaret and her husband, King James IV of
Kings of |
Kings of |
High Kings of |
|||
AEthelwulf |
839-855 |
Kenneth |
840-858 |
Máel Sechnaill
macMáele Ruanaid O'Néill |
846-862 |
AEthelbald |
855-860 |
Donald I |
858-863 |
||
AEthelbert |
860-865 |
Constantine I |
863-877 |
Aed Findliath
macNéill Caille O'Néill |
862-879 |
AEthelred I |
865-871 |
Aed |
877-878 |
||
Alfred the Great |
871-899 |
Eochaid & Giric I |
878-889 |
Flann Sionna
macMáele Sechnaill O'Néill |
879-916 |
Edward the Elder |
899-924 |
Donald II |
899-900 |
Niall Glúndubh macAedo Findliath O'Néill |
916-919 |
Elfweard |
924 |
Constantine II |
900-943 |
Donnchad Donn
macFlann O'Néill |
919-944 |
Athelstan |
924-939 |
||||
Edmund I |
939-946 |
Malcolm I |
943-954 |
Ruaidrí ua
Canannáin |
rival, |
Eadred |
946-955 |
Indulf |
954-962 |
Congalach Cnogba
macMáel Mithig O'Néill |
944-956 |
Edwy/Eadwig the Fair |
955-959 |
Dubh |
962-c.966 |
Domnall macMuirchertaig
O'Néill |
956-980 |
Edgar |
959-975 |
Cuilean Ring |
c.966-971 |
||
Edward |
975-978 |
Kenneth II |
971-995 |
Máel Sechnaill
macDomnaill O'Néill |
980-1002, |
AEthelred II the Unready |
978-1013, |
Constantine III the Bald |
995-997 |
||
Danish
occupation, 1013-1014 |
Kenneth III |
997-1005 |
Brian Bóruma macCennétig, |
|
|
Edmund II Ironside |
1016 |
Giric II |
997-1005 |
||
Danes |
Malcolm II |
1005-1034 |
|||
Canute the Great |
1016-1035 |
Killed in
victory over Danes |
|||
King of |
Donnchad MacBrian |
|
|||
Harold I |
1035-1040 |
Duncan I |
1034-1040 |
||
Hardecanute |
King of |
||||
1040-1042 |
Saxons |
MacBeth |
1040-1057 |
Diarmait MacMáil
na mBó |
1042-1072 |
|
Edward |
1042-1066 |
||||
Harold II |
1066 |
Lulach |
1057-1058 |
||
Edgar the Aetheling |
1066 |
Malcolm III |
1058-1093 |
||
|
|||||
William I |
the Bastard, |
Toirdelbach O'Brien |
1063-1086 |
||
1066-1087 |
Donald Bane |
1093-1094, |
|||
William II |
1087-1100 |
Edmund |
1094-1097, |
Domnall macArdgar
O'Lochlainn O'Néill |
1090-1121 |
Duncan II |
1094 |
Muirchertach II MacToirdelbaig O'Brien |
1086-1119 |
||
Henry I |
1100-1135 |
Edgar |
1097-1107 |
||
Alexander I |
1107-1124 |
Toirrdelbach (Turlogh) macRuaidrí na Saide Buide |
1106-1156 |
||
Stephen |
1135-1154 |
David I the Saint |
1124-1153 |
||
Plantagenets |
|||||
Henry II |
1154-1189 |
Malcolm IV |
1153-1165 |
Muirchertach (Murtagh) macNéill macLochlainn |
1136-1166 Ailech, |
Lord of |
|||||
Richard I |
1189-1199 |
William the Lion |
1165-1214 |
Ruaidrí macToirrdelbaig,
Rory O'Connor |
1156-1183 |
Third Crusade,
1189-1192 |
Conchobar |
1183-1189 |
|||
John Lackland |
1199-1216 |
Cathal |
1189-1200 |
||
Henry III |
1216-1272 |
Alexander II |
1214-1249 |
English rule |
|
Alexander III |
1249-1286 |
Brian Catha an Duin |
1258-1260 |
||
Margaret |
1286-1290 |
English rule |
|||
Interregnum,
1290-1292 |
|||||
John Baliol |
1292-1296 |
||||
1272-1307 |
Edward I |
|
|||
1296-1306 |
|
|
|
|
|
Edward II |
1307-1327 |
Robert I |
1306-1329 |
Edward de Bruce |
1316-1318 |
Edward III |
1327-1377 |
David II |
1329-1370 |
English rule |
|
Hundred Years
War, 1337-1453 |
|||||
Richard II |
1377-1399, |