With Hardened Hands: Pictures and People
By Fernando Candido
This is the list of people who are included in the book "With Hardened Hands: A pictorial history of Portuguese immigration to Canada in the 1950's". I also give a quick overview of the photos. I tried to include the general information such as the location, date and people on the picture but sometimes part of the info. was missing. The authors of the book are Domingo Marques and Manuela Marujo published by New Leaf Publications, Etobicoke, 1993. The list below is by alphabetic order starting with their first names. Portuguese people tend to have many surnames. It is easier to classify people in this manner.
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Adolfo Candido working in construction in Toronto, 1953, page 66
Adolfo Candido working in construction, Goose Bay, 1954
Adolfo Candido with a Polish family at 28 Bellevue Avenue in Toronto, page 88
Adolfo Candido in a park by Bellevue Avenue in Toronto, page 95
Adolfo Candido in Vila Franca de Xira, Portugal, page 122
Aleixo Jardim, celebrating “ a matanca do porco”, page 124
Alentejano in a park by Bellevue Avenue in Toronto page 95
Alex Jardim, child, celebrating “ a matanca do porco”, page 124
Almerinda and daughter, page 81
Alvarino do Faial, working on the railway. Manitoba 1957, page 50
Alvaro Ferreira, Vineland, Ontario, page 47
Alvaro Marques, there is 2 pictures of him one in Venezuela and one in Montreal, before 1953
Antoninho da Silva, Vineland, Ontario, page 47
Antonio Araujo, Ste-Dorothee, Quebec, page 38
Antonio Araujo, Kitimat , B.C, page 41
Antonio Araujo at the farm with his brother, page 74
Antonio Araujo with the farmers family, page 78
Antonio Araujo in Portugal with his bride, page 100
Antonio Barbosa on the tracks with co-workers, page 40
Antonio da Lanca in Asquith, Saskatchewa with their foreman, page 82
Antonio da Lanca in Davidson, Saskatchewan, page 119
Antonio Gomes, Grandora, Saskatchewan, page 48
Antonio Goncalves in Kitimat, page 72
Antonio Leandres waiting for a train to Castlegar with others. B.C, page 41
Antonio Malau working on the railway, Manitoba 1957, page 50
Antonio Medeiros working on the railway, Manitoba 1957, page 50
Antonio Moreira working at Swiss Chalet, page 67
Antonio Sousa in Labrador City with six other men, page 75
Antonio Tavares in his room, page 80
Antonio Valentim at the farm in Saint Timothee, Quebec, 1954, page 79
Antonio Viola with friends in Montreal in December of 1952, page 19 (he arrived according to the author in June 2, 1952) in the piture he is sitting with few friends . He mentions 2 people from Bombarral.
Arnaldo Figueira, Vineland, Ontario, page 47
Arnaldo Mota, Saskatchewan, page 45
Arnaldo Mota Grandora, Saskatchewan, page 48
Arnaldo Mota walking in First avenue in Saskatoon, page 96
Bishop D.Jose Pedro da Silva in Montreal, page 114
Camarate Jose and his wife Luisa and daughter Luisa, Toronto, page 110
Camarate family celebrating a birthday, page 121
Carlos Castro aboard the Nea Hellas on May 26, 1953, page 24
Carlos Castro, Grimsy, Ontario, page 47
Carlos Gouveia, tasting their homemade wine, Toronto, page 124
Carlos Pacheco, Cornwall 1954, page 49
Carlos Pereira and his family, page 121
Clothilde Tavares saying farewell to her family in the Azores, page 100
Colinete Gouveia’s first communion at St-Patrick church in Toronto, page 116
Dionisio from Algarve working in construction in Toronto, 1953, page 66
Eduardo Andrade, 3 years old from Santa Maria Azores, in Saskatoon, page 127
Eduardo Costa working on the farm in Delhi, Ontario by London, 1955? page 57
Eduardo Palma in Asquith, Saskatchewan with their foreman, page 82
Elias Goncalves, working on the farm in Delhi, Ontario by London, 1955? page 57
Emilio Silva railway worker washing his clothes in Schefferville, Labrador 1954, page 71
Fernanda Belo, working on the farm in Delhi, Ontario by London, 1955? page 57
Fernando Mandes, working on the farm in Delhi, Ontario by London, 1955? , page 57 Fernando Nobrega, tasting their homemade wine, Toronto, page 124
Fernando Ramalho in Kitimat, page 72
Fernando Ramalho in a park by Bellevue Avenue in Toronto, page 95
Fernando Rocha celebrates with some friends his arrival to Canada, page 84
Firmino Gouveia, working on the farm in Delhi, Ontario by London, 1955? page 57
Firmino Gouveia tasting their homemade wine, Toronto, page 124
Firmino Oliveira, page 79
Firmino Ramos with a friend from Quintas da Torreira in Montreal, page 89
Firmino Ramos celebrating Fernando Rocha’s arrival to Canada, page 84
Francisco Branco working on the railway. Manitoba 1957, page 50
Francisco Charneira in Davidson, Saskatchewan, page 119
Francisco da Silva working on the railway. Manitoba 1957, page 50
Francisco da Silveira at the farm in Saint Timothee, Quebec, 1954, page 79
Francisco da Silveira, in Gagnonville, iron worker, page 61
Francisco da Silveira, railway worker washing his clothes in Schefferville, Labrador, 1954, page 71
Francisco Marques, Denison Mines in 1957, page 53
Gabriela Pereira, working on the farm in Delhi, Ontario by London, 1955? page 57
Gabriela Pereira with landlords, Huron Street house, Toronto, page 108
Graciano Silva railway worker washing his clothes in Schefferville, Labrador 1954 page 71
Granja celebrating Fernando Rocha’s arrival to Canada, page 84
Guiomar Placido joined her husband in Nov.2, 1953, page 102
Guiomar Placido and daughter Maria Jose, Toronto, page 110
Joao Cabrita Candido, child, in Montreal in the classroom, May 1958, page 133
Joao Ferreira, Vineland, Ontario, page 47
Joao Nelson Jardim, celebrating “ a matanca do porco”, page 124
Joao Reis playing accordion somewhere in the Rockies page 70
Joao R Sucata, working on the farm in Delhi, Ontario by London, 1955? page 57
Joaquim Oliveira celebrating Fernando Rocha’s arrival to Canada, page 84
J.M Ferreira at the Royal York Hotel in Toronto, 1954, page 68
Jose Alves, celebrating “ a matanca do porco”, page 124
Jose Andrade working on the railway. Manitoba 1957, page 50
Jose Antonio Pereira, celebrating “ a matanca do porco”, page 124
Jose Apolonia in Asquith, Saskatchewa with their foreman, page 82
Jose Apolonia walking in First avenue in Saskatoon, page 96
Jose Apolonia meeting his bride in Montreal, page 104
Jose Apolonia in Davidson, Saskatchewan, page 119
Jose Avelar visiting from California at the farm in Saint Timothee, Quebec, 1954, page 79
Jose Barbosa with a friend from Quintas da Torreira in Montreal, page 89
Jose Botelho working on the railway. Manitoba 1957, page 50
Jose da Silveira railway worker washing his clothes in Schefferville, Labrador 1954 page 71
Jose Dias railway worker washing his clothes in Schefferville, Labrador, 1954, page 71
Jose Eduardo de Sousa in Kitimat, page, 72
Jose Eduardo page 73
Jose Eduardo and 2 friends in a room, page 84
Jose Henriques at the farm in Saint Timothee, Quebec, 1954, page 79
Jose Joaquim Dias celebrating Fernando Rocha’s arrival to Canada, page 84
Jose Vala in a park by Bellevue Avenue in Toronto, page 95
Jose Vargas working on the railway. Manitoba 1957, page 50
Jose Ferreira, Grimsy, Ontario, page 47
Jose Henriques Romano, managing a store in Schefferville. He remained in Labrador City for the next 30 Years. Page 63
He was involved in maintenance, in a restaurant, in landscaping and in a motel. Isabel Avelar visiting from California at the farm in Saint Timothee, Quebec, 1954, page 79
Jose Nobrega working as a “ pin boy “, page 60
Jose Manuel Ferreira aboard the Nea Hellas on May 26, 1953, page 24
Jose Manuel Ferreira, Grimsy, Ontario, page 47
Jose Mendes working on the farm in Delhi, Ontario by London, 1955? page 57
Jose Regalado in a park by Bellevue Avenue in Toronto, page 95
Jose Rodrigues working in construction in Toronto, 1953 page 66
Jose Sabino Gouveia, Quebec farm in 1953, page 46
Jose Tavares on the railroad Thunder Bay, 1954
Jose Vala in a park by Bellevue Avenue in Toronto, page 95
Julio Suzana with a friend from Quintas da Torreira in Montreal page 89
Juvenal de Freitas, Vineland, Ontario, page 47
Leonor Pereira with her sister, page 131
Norberto with friends in Montreal in December of 1952, page 19
Manuel Ferreira at Sept-Iles in Quebec, before 1953, page 17 ( There is also a biography)
Manuel da Silva, Vineland, Ontario, page 47
Manuel Guerreiro, Grandora, Saskatchewan, page 48
Manuel Maia in a park by Bellevue Avenue in Toronto, page 95
Manuel Mota in Goose Bay, Labrador, 1952, page 16 (There is also a biography)
Manuel Oliveira celebrating Fernando Rocha’s arrival to Canada, page 84
Manuel Sardinha learning English with ESL classmates in 1956 page 83
Manuel Terra working on the railway. Manitoba 1957, page 50
Manuel Trindade, Quebec farm, page 46
Maria Jose Apolonia meeting her husband in Montreal, page 104
Maria Jose Apolonia celebrating her arrival with her friends and family, page 105
Mario Nobrega working on the farm in Delhi, Ontario by London, 1955? page 57
Martins celebrating Fernando Rocha’s arrival to Canada, page 84
Martins Father and son, playing music while job hunting, page 56
Moreia from Arganil in a park by Bellevue Avenue in Toronto, page 95
Moreira children, playing in winter in Toronto, page 126
Oscar Bacalhau’s baptism at Mount Carmel church in Toronto, page 114
Oscar Pereira’s house, 33 Bellevue Avenue in Toronto, page 90
Oscar Pereira tasting their home made wine, Toronto, page 124
Oscar Pereira, celebrating “ a matanca do porco”, page 124
Oscar Pereira with his son Zč Antonio, page 118
“Padeiro de Sao Miguel” working on the railway. Manitoba 1957, page 50
Rita Romano meets her husband in Montreal, page 101
Rita Romano and her new born daughter in the Hospital St-Louis in Montreal, page 112
Rui Ribeiro working on the farm in Delhi, Ontario by London, 1955?, page 57
Rui Ribeiro at 788 Bay Street, working in construction Toronto, page 66
Russo Captain 20 man pose with the captain of the ship Roma after leaving Lisbon in March of 56, page 25
Sabino Goncalves and bride, Toronto on April 19, 1958, page 106
Sao Romao addressing 300 men aboard the Homeland, page 29
Sergio Faria working on the railway. Manitoba 1957, page 50
Sousa’ s Restaurant Nassau Street and Bellevue Avenue in Toronto, page 92
Tavares family by a store, Nassau and Leonard street in Toronto, page 91
Teresa Pereira with her sister, page 131
Other pictures with no names mentioned

Cais da Rocha in Lisbon, 2 pictures, page 22
Picture of a ticket of the Greek line, page 23
Pictures of Portuguese , probably from the Azores, waiting to embark on the passenger ship. The caption read “I will forget no one and I pray to God to give his blessing to the ones who stay behind and to those who are about to leave”- Jose A.Martins, Correio dos Acores, March 24, 1954, page 23
The vessel the Vulcania, page 25
First large group of men from Azores to leave for Canada, Sao Miguel on March, 1954, page 26 and 27
A group of Azoreans from Ribeira Grande take a picture in front of the S.S Homeland, page 28
A group of Horta District before leaving for Sao Miguel, page 28
Picture of the first contingent of immigrants arriving in Halifax aboard the Saturnia, page 33
Arrival aboard the Olympia of a group from the Azores, March 1956, page 34 A Portuguese immigrant is tagged, page 35
A large group of man posing in front a bus leaving for Montreal, page 37
A group of men from Madeira pose in front of an orchard in the Niagara region, page 38
3 Portuguese men contracted by R.F Welch posing in a train, page 39
A man poses in a train, page 39
A man poses standing on the track, page 40
Pictures of newspaper clips reading ” 6 Portuguuese immigrants spend their first night in jail”, page 42
3 pictures on page 44 and 45 of people working on the railway
More men working by the railway, including Antonio Araujo, page 50
Industrial site, Sept-Iles, Quebec, page 51
Railway and construction workers in Sept-Iles, page 51
Goose Bay Labrador, men having lunch, page 52
People harvesting tobacco, page 56
2 pictures of people farming and picking tomatoes, page 58
Man stacking logs in the bush, page 59
Lumberjacks using horses to pull logs, page 59
Man in Goose Bay in winter, page 61
Portuguese working in dam construction, page 62
2 more pictures of large groups of men working on the railroad. An Italian priest poses with the workers, page 76
Celebrating Christmas in Kitimat, B.C., 1955, page 77
Christmas Eve dinner in Elliot Lake. Codfish on the menu, page 77
2 other friends in a room, page 85
ESL classes, St-Christopher House in Toronto, group of students celebrate their graduation, page 93
Portuguese in Church in Montreal, page 93
Mount Carmel Church was one of the first ones to cater to the Portuguese community in Toronto, page 94
Men of Madeira gather after the service in St-Catherines in the summer of 1953, page 95
Man sitting on the steps of his apartment in Montreal, page 97
A group of woman and children sailing in a vessel in order to join their husbands, page 101
Family meeting and reunification at the airport, possibly at the train station, page 103
Picture of a woman and 3 other men posing behind 7 young chidren, page 109
Picture of a woman in front of her home with her 2 children a boy and a girl, page 111
Nurse with a baby, page 112
2 pictures of new immigrants visiting the Orotary St-Joseph during Christmas in 1954 in Montreal, page 115
2 pictures of families celebrating the “matanca do porco” and the “Festa da Matanca”, page 117
Portuguese at the beach, Toronto’s Center Island, page 118
Man dancing with a lady, page 120
Pcture of a group doing theatre, kitimat 1954, page 122
2 man hugging in the street ( possibly Adolfo Candido), page 123
Mom with child picking fruit, page 128
2 pictures of children playing in the city, page 129
A couple with 5 girls, page 130

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