R = radius of atoms AW= atomic weight
In the following page we find table of atomic dimensions.
To deduce the atoms and molecules dimensions we can use diverse parameters such as their atomic weight, density and porosity coefficient.
--From the atomic weight of an atom we can deduce its real weight knowing that the unit of atomic mass has a weight of 1,66 x 10^-24 g.
--Porosity is the relative distance among atoms inside a molecule or material. We take as unit of porosity that of water, whose lineal value will be 3.1 x 10^-10 m. and whose provisional name will be fer.
The formula to obtain the porosity of a material or molecule is explained in its specific page: Molecular Porosity.
Porosity has volume character and if we want to know the middle distance between two atoms of a material or molecule, it will be enough finding the cube root to the porosity coefficient and to multiply it by the fer value 3.1x 10^-10.
Example:
Porosity of Gold 0,57. Cube root of 0,57 x 3.1 x 10^-10 = 2,57 x 10^-10 m.
In the table of atoms dimensions, to this lineal distance we call separation among atomic nuclei.
--Diameter of atoms. (also stars-- see Gravitational Systems Measures )
To find the diameter of atoms we use the simplified formula of the drawing:
(cube of the atom radius = 0,126 x square root of its atomic weight x 10^-30 m).
This formula is gotten by means of the application of two principles or characteristic in the formation of atoms (gravitational systems).
1 - The first one is the application of the law of universal balance that tells us that all the gravitational systems (atoms, stars) tend to have the same density of mass or energy. Then you can apply the simple formula of Weight = volume x density.
2 - In second place and as we have seen in the cohesion of systems, when gravitational systems go increasing their size, their gravitational and magnetic lines go winding on themselves in spiral form, getting quite cohesion and occupying less volume in the space than in its initial formation.
With these two premises you can get a general formula:
Weight = volume x density-cohesion
(Aw x uM = 4/3 Pi. R^3 x Pi. Square root Aw) ( Kg./dm) that would take the formula of the drawing R^3 = 0,126 square root of Aw x 10^-30 m.
With this formula it is very easy to obtain the radius of any atom. Later on we can compare it with the separation among atoms and to discover many characteristics of the periodic table of elements. (see inter-atomic vacuum )
For example: Near to the saturation of the gravitational layers (2,10,18,36,54,86) atoms keep a lot of bigger separation among them. What means that the saturation of these layers gives a strong repulsion among the atoms.
ATOMIC BONDS MEASURES
The saturation of the gravitational layers of atoms produces an increase of its volume and therefore of its diameter.
This increase is different for each atom and for each occupied orbit. However, we can give, as increase for each acquired orbit, the middle value of 0,6 x 10^-10 m.
For instance, if carbon has an approximate diameter of 1,51 x 10^-10 meters.
Then, methane would have an approx. diameter of 3,91 x 10^-10 m.
[ 1,51 + (4 x 0,6) ] x 10^-10 = 3,91 x 10^-10