Velocity
- Readings are a running
average of all shots I have chronographed of the
particular brand of ammunition. A running average
provides the greatest possible number of readings
and averages out the effects of environmental
conditions.
FPE
- The foot pounds of energy
calculated using the advertised weight.
(M x V x V / 450240)
Penetration
- Test rounds were fired
through two layers of denim into 10% gelatine.
Depth is measured in a straight line from point
of entry to point of deepest penetration.
Expansion
- Recovered rounds were
measured at multiple points and then averaged to
account for uneven expansion.
Weight
- Recovered rounds were
rinsed, all denim removed, then allowed to dry
before weighing.
OAL
- Over all length is listed
because some shorter rounds can shift inside the
magazine and become "rim locked".