damoukideblobaze debs Tavs. Hhaikus skolebidan yvelaze cnobilia: masaoka Sikis mier daarsebuli hototogisu, iamaguCi seiSis tenro, nakamura kusataos banrioku, maTsune toiojos Sibugaki, kato Susonis kanrei.

1890-iani wlebidan haikais es Sesavali strofi iaponeli poetis, masaoka Sikis didi Zalisxmevis Sedegad poeziis calke formad Camoyalibda. axal formas "haiku~ daerqva. Mmasaoka Siki moiTxovda, rom haiku ise aReqvaT rogorc damoukidebeli leqsi da ara didi leqsis Sesavali nawili. Siki 1867 wels daibada maTsuiamaSi. sityva "Siki~ sityvasityviT ~oTx sezons~ aRniSnavs. sezonis aRmniSvneli sityvis, ~kigos~ rolze, qvemoT visaubrebT.

"leqsi mdinares unda gavdes, romelic laRad miedineba qviSian kalapotSi~ werda baSo. aq igi leqsis ubraloebasa da mis siRrmes usvamda xazs.

Siki akritikebda baSos zogierT namuSevars da upiratesobas aniWebda iosa busons. masaoka Siki Zalian did mniSvnelobas aniWebda lakoniurobas da mocemul sam xazSi mTeli saTqmelis gadmocemas, igive ~Saseis~, anu Canaxatis princips. dResdReobiT haikais rengas uwodeben, magram iaponuri poeziis es ukanaskneli forma iseTi popularobiT aRar sargeblobs.

ase rom, Tu miviCnevT rom haikus calke formad Camoyalibeba me-19 saukunis ukanasknel wlebSi moxda, 1600-1868 wlebSi moRvawe iseTi cnobili avtorebi, rogoric baSo, iosa busoni da kobaiaSi isa arian, haikais avtorebad unda miviCnioT, Tumca dResdReobiT maTi namuSevrebi ise ikiTxeba, rogorc haiku. albaT upriani iqneboda gamogveyo haikus ori forma. Kklasikuri haiku (is rac me-19 saukunis bolo wlebamde iqmneboda) da Tanamedrove, ukve damoukidebel formad Camoyalibebuli haiku.

haikus aucilebeli damaxasiaTebeli Tviseba 5-7-5 marcvliani sami striqonis garda is aris, rom igi aucileblad unda Seicavdes sezonis Tematikas. kavaigaSi hekigoto Tvlida, rom haikus unda gamoexata poetis pirveli STabeWdileba, misi Sinaarsi aucileblad yoveldRiuri cxovrebidan unda yofiliyo aRebuli.

iaponuri poeziis es mimdinareoba yvelafris Sesaxeb SeiZleba daiweros, magram Znelad Tu vipoviT iseT haikus, romelic Cveulebrivi adamianisTvis Zneladgasagebi iqneba. Sedevrebis umravlesoba yoveldRiur, Cveulebriv situaciebs aRwers, romelic yvelasTvis cnobilia, magram leqsis wakiTxvis Semdeg axal datvirTvas iZens.

rodesac haikus sxva enaze vwerT 5-7-5 marcvliani striqonebis Seqmna aucilebeli ar aris, magram aucileblad unda iyos `kigo~, anu sezonis aRmniSvneli sityva. magaliTad `alublis yvaviloba~ gazafxuls aRniSnavs, `Tovli~-zamTars, `koRoebi~_zafxuls, Tumca SeiZleba `kigo~ arc iyos aseTi aSkara.

sezonis aRmniSvnel sityvas imdenad did mniSvnelobas aniWeben iaponiaSi, rom arsebobs specialuri leqsikonebi, romlebic ori saxisaa ~kiiose~, romelSic TiTqmis yvela is sityvaa CamoTvlili, romelic amaTuim sezonis AaRmniSvnelad SeiZleba vixmaroT da "saijiki~ sadac yvela termins haikus cnobili avtorebis mier leqsSi gamoyenebuli magaliTic axlavs. rac Seexeba Targmans, aq mTavaria gadmocemuli iyos haikus azri da SegrZneba.

albaT haikus istoriis Sesaxeb saubari mainc BbaSoTi unda daviwyoT, radgan igi iTvleba mis pirvel avtorad. es fsevdonimi poetma daaxloebiT 1681 wels airCia. baSos bavSvobaSi "kinsakus" eZaxdnen, sicocxlis bolo wlebSi_matsuo minefusas. BbaSos mama igas provinciis samurai iyo. Bmasac didi survili hqonda samurai gamxdariyo da amitom adgilobriv didgvarovanTan, todo ioSitadasTan msaxurobda. ioSotadas Zalian uyvarda haikai, baSomac, sobos saxeliT leqsebis wera daiwyo. poetma TiTqmis mTels iaponiaSi imogzaura da bolos, osakaSi gardaicvala. misi ukanaskneli haikus mixedviT igi kvlav mogzaurobaze fiqrobda. iaponel poets TiTqmis 2000 moswavle hyavda.

baSoc, rogorc haikus sxva avtorebi, leqsSi sityvebis TamaSs da xumrobebsac iyenebda, Tumca ukve meCvidmete saukunis bolosTvis leqsi TandaTan ixveweba da masSi ufro da ufro met rols TamaSobs fiqri da azrovneba.

meoce saukuneSi moRvawe poetebisgan albaT unda gamovyoT kioSi takahama. takahamas didi wvlili miuZRvis haikus Jurnalis ~hototogisus~ (~guguli~) daarsebaSi. KkioSi Tvlida, rom haikus avtoris upirvelesi movaleoba iyo, Tavis beds gahyoloda da swored es bedi eZebna cxovrebis ganmavlobaSi.

rac Seexeba haikus qal avtorebs, unda gamoiyos Jurnal ~hototogisu~-s redaqtori hisajo sugita, igi Zalisxmevas ar iSurebda, rom qalebs Sorisac popularuli yofiliyo poeziis es forma. sugitam JurnalSi specialuri rubrikac ki SemoiRo ~samzareulos simRerebi~, sadac qalebis mier dawerili leqsebi ibeWdeboda.

haikus ganviTarebaSi didi roli Seitana poetma iosa busonma. Bbusonis poezia imiT aris aRsaniSnavi, rom iaponelma SeZlo peizaJis iqiT usasruloba da ukvdaveba daenaxvebina, busonis poeziam didi gavlena iqonia haikus momaval poetebze.

meoce saukunis poetebidan unda gamovyoT koi nagatac, vinc ramdenime wlis win, 1997 wels gardaicvala. agata did pativs scemda baSos, visi avtoritetic, imis miuxedavad rom mas masaoka Siki akritikebda da am ukanasknelis avtoriteti dRiTidReE izrdeboda, ar Semcirebula.

amasTan erTad aRsaniSnavia araiaponeli mwerali lafsadio herni. hernma didi roli iTamaSa haikus aramarto literaturulad, aramed mis Rrma Sinaarsobrivad gagebaSi. Hherni werda: ~ termini "ittakiri~ niSnavs ~yvelafer gardasuls~, anu ~yvelafer gamqrals~, rac aseve niSnavs ~yvelafers, rac Tqmula~.

poeziaSi,Lsadac poeti erTi fraziT ambobs yvelafers, swored es principia gamoyenebuli, magram am frazis wakiTxvis Semdeg igi azrovnebaSi did gamoZaxils hpovebs. raRaca mainc uTqmeli darCa~

herni Tvlida, rom iaponuri poezia, es iyo, leqsi_suraTi, romelic aucileblad gagaxsenebdaT raRacas adre nanaxs an SegrZnebuls. ase rom, hernis mixedviT haikus mkiTxvelSi ufro metad unda gamoewvia grZnoba vidre aexsna igi, bevri unda daetovebina uTqmeli.

Tumca hernis Sexeduleba yvelasTvis misaRebi ar yofila, 1901 wels brinki dawers, rom haikus iaponuris garda sxva enaze dawera ar SeiZleba. ". . . . .… es is melodiaa, romelsac verafriT gadavitanT sxva enaze, ucxo instrumentze ver davukravT…. . . . . es sulis CurCulia, romelic am melodias warmoSobs. iaponuri poeziis gasagebad, adamianma is aucileblad originalSi unda waikiTxos.~

Tu brinki iaponur poezias amdenad amaRlebulad miiCnevda, ramdenime wlis Semdeg ser Carlz elioti CaTvlis, rom iaponuri poezia ar aris sruli. igi mis "werilebSi Soreuli aRmosavleTidan~ wers: " samstriqoniani leqsi, anu haiku, imdenad impresionistuli, elifsuri da gamoucnobia, rom Zalian Znelad misaxvedria ucxoelisTvis. Tumca, rodesac iaponeli wers-

~es erTi noti-

mTvarem imRera?

kukuu,~

is fiqrobs rom man leqsi dawera~

ser Carlzi Tvlida, rom leqsebis samstriqonamde dayvanam, iaponiaSi homerosebis warmoSobas SeuSala xeli, TumcaRa amiT SenarCunda erovnuli suli.

albaT brinki ar cdeboda, rodesac Tvlida, rom iaponur melodias sxva qveynis instrumentze ver aaJRerebdnen, radganac mTargmnelebs marTlac didi muSaoba marTebT imisTvis, rom iaponurma poeziam ucxo qveyanaSi moikidos fexi, amisTvis ki pirvel rigSi saWiroa xalxi mis RirebulebaSi darwmundes. iaponiaSi haiku uyvarT misi simsubuqis, ubraloebisa da siRrmis gamo, saWiro iyo es sxvebsac daenaxaT.

1914 wels, iaponelma dawera haiku inglisur enaze. oguCi ione wignSi "iaponuri poeziis suli~ erT Tavs uZRvnis am "yvelaze patara leqsebs msoflioSi~. ione Tvlida, rom haiku gavlenas axdens mkiTxvelis xasiaTze, warmoqmnis "mistiur kavSirs bunebasa da adamians Soris~, aris ~gulis poezia~. Mmisive azriT, haikus sxva enaze sworad gadaTargmna urTulesi saqmea. ionem TviTonve scada baSos leqsis gadaTargmna. iaponurad leqsi daaxloebiT ase JRers: ~furu ike ia kavazu tobikomu mizu no oto~. sityvasityviT Tu leqsi ase gadaiTargmneba: " Zveli gube_bayayi xteba_wylis xma~ ionem igi Semdegnairad gadaTargmna:L

Zveli gube!

bayayi Caxta da_wylis xma~

mere da mere, baSos am leqsma Camoyalibebuli inglisuri leqsis saxec ki miiRo, raTa ufro gasagebi gamxdariyo ingliseli mkiTxvelisTvis. GgaCnda imis saSiSroeba, rom haiku gariTmul, grZel, axsna-ganmartebebisTvis daweril leqsad gadaiqceoda.

samociani wlebidan dasavleTSi Zalian aqtiurad daiwyes haikus wera. Eevropasa da amerikaSi gamoCndnen hendersoni, higinsoni, vladimer devide da sxvebi. . .

miuxedavad yvelafrisa, dasavlelma mkiTxvelma araTu gaigo leqsis Sinaarsi, aramed misi werac ki daiwyo.

Cvens welTaRricxvamde 712 wels, saimperatoro karze iqna wardgenili Cvenamde moRweuli yvelaze Zveli iaponuri poeziis anTologia, "kojiki~. wignis pirvel gverdze mocemuli iyo leqsi, romelsac xalxi RmerT susanos miawerda. swored am leqsiT iwyeboda anTologia. Ees leqsi tankas formiT iyo dawerili. igive, "utas~ an ~vakas~ formiT, rogorc maSin moixseniebdnen tankas.

rvamagi Rrublebis fena,

rvamagi damcavi zRude

rvamagi izumos zRurbli

sadac Cemi sacolea

oh! MmSvenieri rvamagi zRurbli.

am leqss moiazrebdnen, rogorc saqorwino odas an odas axaldaqorwinebulTa axali saxlisadmi, sadac izumos RmerTebs sTxovdnen mfarvelobas. Tumca, mTavari leqsis Sinaarsi ki ara, im zomebis zustad dacvaa, rasac klasikuri tanka, uta Tu vaka ewodeba.

mTavari is ar aris, leqsi marTla RmerTs ekuTvnis Tu ara, mTavari isaa, igi pirdapir tankas formiT daiwera, Tu romelime Zveli formis gaumjobesebul variants warmoadgens. "kojikSi~ sxva formis leqsebicaa warmodgenili. bevri maTgani saerTod ar emorCileba rame logikas da arc gansazRvruli zoma gaaCnia, aseT leqsebs iaponelebi "gamonaTqvamebs~ uwodeben, es emociuri, mokle, xatovani gamonaTqvamebia, romlebic erTi amosunTqviTac ki SegiZlia waikiTxo. magaliTad Semdegi leqsi gvxvdeba kenet iasudas wignSi haikus Sesaxeb:

ra bednieri var! simpaTiur kacs Sevxvdi.

ra bednieri var! gavicani mSvenieri qaliSvili.

~katauta~ iaponuri poeziis iseTi formaa, romelic 19 onjisgan Semdgari sami striqonisgan Sedgeba (5-7-7). katauta kiTxvis an pasuxis principze agebuli leqsia. fiqroben rom igi dabal sazogadoebaSi Seiqmna, gazafxulis, mosavlis Tu sxva dResaswaulebsa da festivalebze samRerad. Tumca Tu kiTxvas pasuxs mivabamT, poeziis Zalian saintereso formas miviRebT.

magaliTad:

katauta#1

Tsukubas axal miwebs

rom CavuareT,

ramdeni Rame gveZina?

Kkatauta#2

TiTebze viTvli,

Ramemde cxra iyo,

dilisTvis aTi iqneba.

Tu am or katautas SevaerTebT sakmaod saintereso leqss miviRebT. Lleqsis aseT formas, hqvia mondo, mondo 38 onjisgan Sedgeba (5-7-7-5-7-7) da kiTxvas da Semdeg am kiTxvaze pasuxs warmoadgens.

ganvixiloT kidev erTi forma, Coka, anu iaponuri grZeli leqsi. am poemis struqtura Semdegia 5-7-5-7-5-7-5-7-5 . . . . 7-7 . striqonebis ricxvi CokaSi gansazRvruli ar aris da bevr leqsSi maTi ricxvi assac ki aRemateba.

rodesac iaponuri poeziis Sesaxeb vsaubrobT ar unda daviviwyoT, rom iaponuri poezia marcvelbzea agebuli da ara riTmze. iaponur enaSi maxvili TiTqmis yvela sityvaze bolos modis. riTma ara imitom ar aqvs iaponur poezias, rom es Znelia, aramed imitom rom piriqiT, Zalian advilia. iaponuri sityvebis umravlesoba xmovanze mTavrdeba, aqedan gamomdinare, iaponuri poezia dRemde mTlianad marcvlebzea damokidebuli.

Cndeba kiTxva, rogor SeiZleba daiweros tanka ucxo enaze? Ees imazea damokidebuli ramdenad unda avtors daemorCilos weris kanonebs. Tundac is faqti aviRoT, rom marcvali da onji sinamdvileSi sulac ar aris erTidaigive. onjis magivrad zemoT marcvali imitom vixmareT, rom ufro advilad gasagebi yofiliyo.

Tumca imis gamo, rom qarTulSi 31 marcvlian leqss erTi amosunTqviT ver waikiTxav, imas ar niSnavs, rom qarTvelma an sxva qveynis poetebma Tavi unda Seikavon tankas werisgan. Tu poetis mizani, mxoloddamxolod tankas daweraa da misi iaponurad Targmna ar unda, maSin sakmarisia leqsi Sinaarsobrivad da formiT hgavdes tradiciul tankas, magram Tu, vTqvaT, poets ganzraxuli aqvs leqsi iaponurad iTargmnos rom iaponeli mkiTxvelisTvisac gaxdes gasagebi, maSin savaldebuloa yvela moTxovnis dacva.

tanka, rogorc wesi, TiTqmis yvela Temas exeboda, magram yvelaze metad saimperatoro karTan dakavSirebuli Sinaaarsis tankebi iwereboda. Hhaikus msgavsad tankas Sinaarsic yvelasTvis advilad gasagebi unda iyos. amas garda, zogjer tankas Sinaarsi weliwadis dros da amindsac exeba, magram vinaidan tanka ufro grZeli leqsia vidre haiku, grZnobebis ufro Rrmad gadmocemis saSualebas iZleva.

dResdReobiT evropis wamyvan saxelmwifoebSi Zalian popularulia iaponuri poezia, bevri dasavleli poeti muSaobs haikusa Tu tankaze, es, ra Tqma unda, ori kulturis Serwymas uwyobs xels. dasavleli xalxisTvis ufro advilad gasagebi da misaRebi xdeba iaponuri kultura.

tankas 1300 wliani istoriis manZilze, sainteresoa misi gamoyenebis sasiyvarulo forma. iaponiaSi wesad damkvidrda, sayvarel adamianTan gatarebuli Ramis Semdeg saxlSi misuls daeweraT samadlobeli tanka da igi msaxuris xeliT sayvarlisTvis gaegzavnaT. msaxurs baraTis gadacemis Semdeg saSualeba EeZleoda maspinZlis msaxurebTan erTad daelia, sanam qalbatoni sapasuxo baraTs gaatanda.

bevri Tvlis, rom mas, visac ainteresebs da uyvars haiku, kidev ufro metad aRafrTovanebs tanka. Tumca, poeziis am orive formas Zalian bevri saerTo aqvs. es ubralo, Rrma, tradiciulad Zaladobisa da omis scenebisgan Tavisufali poeziaa.

***

aravin midis

gzaze Cems garda,

Semodgomis am saRamos.

***

Rrublebi Cndeba,

adamians aZlevs nebas_

mTvaris yurebisgan daisvenos.

*** H

qari fujis mTidan,

*edo: tokios Zveli saxeli

***

Semodgomis mTvare,

tbasTan vseirnob da_

gadis Rame

***

arc yvaviloba, arc mTvare,

is sakes svams_

srul martoobaSi.

***

gindaT naxoT martooba?

naxeT erTaderTi foToli

Camovardnili kiris xidan

veSapi!

qvemoT Cadis, ufro maRla

da maRla adis misi kudi.

visurvebdi movmkdariyavi

yvavilebiT dafaruli,

am Cvens sizmarSi.

am yvavils TeTr peons eZaxian

diax, magram

cotaTi wiTels.

***

meZineba,

mokaliT buzi_

frTxilad, gTxovT

***

obobas vklav

da martod vgrZnob Tavs

Ramis siciveSi

***

siyvarulis da siZulvilis gamo

vklav buzs da_

vTavazob WianWvelas

***

zustad Cems fexebTan,

da rodis moxvedi aq,

lokokina?

***

Cemi buzRuna coli_

netav aq yofiliyo,

es mTvare am Rames...

WianWvelas vklav

da vxvdebi_

Cemi sami Svili miyurebda.

Semodgomis pirveli dila-

sarke romelSic vixedebi,

mamaCemis saxes miCvenebs.

mkvdari qrizanTema

da mainc,

raRac isev ar aris masSi?

***

is ambobs sityvas,

mec vambob sityvas,

Semodgoma Zalas ikrebs.

***

qarebs, rom hqrian,

hkiTxeT romeli foToli

Camovardeba Semdeg.