Hutchinson Family Singers Web Site
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Page 9
Late that fall, the brothers traveled to Deacon Bales' Baptist church in East Wilton, near Milford, to give their first concert under the name, the Æolian Vocalists. They prepared a program that served, too, as a poster - in spite of its comically small three by two-and-a-half inch size.
The trio of brothers used this telling bit of promotional verse written by Judson:
When foreigners approach your shores, |
At the time, English composer and singer Henry Russell was having great success performing for American audiences; and the Tyrolese Family Rainer triumphed in Boston just before the Hutchinsons arrived in that city earlier in the year.
An audience of more than fifty people at East Wilton paid
Next, the Æolian Vocalists packed their wardrobe - such as it was - in their sleigh and made a tour mostly of small New Hampshire towns. They gave concerts at West Wilton, Wilton, Wilton Center, New Ipswich, Hancock, and Peterborough, with maybe enough money coming in to meet expenses. "Come, boys," said Judson, "if we don't do more next week, I shall quit." Then came a short trip through northern Hillsborough County and down to Nashua. The trio, by this time, had established a pattern - "Small profits, but lots of praise."
Returning to Lynn, we took with us our youngest sister, Abby, then eleven years of age, and hired Lyceum Hall, on Market Street, for a concert.
Wednesday, January 19, 1842, is a red-letter date in the history of the Hutchinsons, for the concert that evening marks the beginning of the classic Hutchinson Family quartet. Abby sang one or two solos and a duet with John. "Abby sang from her heart," said an early biography, "and her artless melodies, enhanced by the indescribable charm of her manner, found their way direct to the hearts of her auditors."
"When foreigners approach your shores": Book of Brothers (1852, 19).
"An audience of more than fifty people at East Wilton paid": John W. Hutchinson (1896, 1:44); Book of Brothers (1852, 19).
"Come, boys, said Judson, if we don't do more": Book of Brothers (1852, 20).
"Small profits, but lots of praise": John W. Hutchinson (1896, 1:45).
Rhoda Hutchinson may have appeared in a few of these entertainments. Speaking of the time in early 1842 when Abby made her debut with the main vocal group, John W. Hutchinson (1896, 1:46) said, "Thus far we had done very little singing as a quartet," which is quite different from saying they had done no singing as a quartet. And referring to the early days of short concert tours, he noted that Rhoda "went with us when we sang near home." See "He Sang for Suffrage," New York Times, November 17, 1895, p. 25 col. 5.
Make of it what you will, but it seems by no means out of the question and even fairly likely that, before getting into some serious romancing with Isaac A. Bartlett, Rhoda may have given a few tries to singing in concert with her brothers.
"Returning to Lynn, we took with us our youngest sister": John W. Hutchinson (1896, 1:45-46).
Actually, Abby was twelve.
"Abby sang from her heart, said an early biography": Book of Brothers (1852, 22).
It is not clear whether the brothers originally intended to recruit Abby into the vocal group (probably) and, if they did, whether their parents understood this (doubtful) when they let her go to Lynn.
Page 10
The singers went to Boston to purchase clothes that were more stylish for their public appearances. Then from Lynn, the smartly-dressed Hutchinsons headed east, through Portsmouth, into coastal Maine. Asa made the programs, the others sang the solos, and John distributed music to the vocalists - for the Æolians were reading from scores, having not yet committed their songs to memory.
At Kennebunk the group found that, through some error, their concert bills had not been distributed. Jesse, who was with them, saw a chance. "Making a desperate dash at a huge dinner-bell, he rushed with his prize into the street, and assuming for the time the office of town crier, announced the concert in the loudest tones he could command."
This short tour brought the Hutchinsons back through Portsmouth to Lynn. There, late in February, they received a heartfelt letter from Jesse Sr., advising them to abandon their ambitions for careers in music and asking them to come home to help on the farm. The father gave his six youngest children a written deed for the home property, with conditions:
Though the Hutchinsons accepted this proposition with reluctance, they threw themselves into the tasks at hand with their usual vigor - to the satisfaction of their father. "Buildings were moved," said John, "and some were torn down. The old hop-house, where we used to dry our hundreds of weight of hops annually, had become obsolete, and was also moved
The attention of Judson, John, and Asa was directed away from farm work, when three lovely young women - Jane and Sarah French and Tryphena Tupper - came to Milford to attend the Female Academy. Soon, they joined the church choir. John wrote:
How well I remember the singing of these girls! Our hearts and souls were kindled with a flame of sacred love; we worshipped at these shrines, and the associations ripened into harmony. At last we unitedly resolved to make propositions for engagement; and on Saturday night each repaired to the home of his sweetheart, and asked the question, "Will you be mine?" The answers were to be announced at our meeting the following day; but as the course of love never does run smooth, the order was put in abeyance, and we were obliged to abide on
Meanwhile a visitor, after hearing the Hutchinsons sing, said, "Why, if you managed rightly, you might make as much in some places, in one night, as you do here in a year."
"The singers went to Boston to purchase clothes": Book of Brothers (1852, 22); John W. Hutchinson (1896, 1:45-46, 2:291).
"Making a desperate dash at a huge dinner-bell, he rushed": Book of Brothers (1852, 22).
"[W]e were to give up our itinerant life": John W. Hutchinson (1896, 1:47).
From this point through the next several decades, the question of who owned the North River Road homestead in Milford at any given time can be very hard to follow.
"Buildings were moved, said John, and some were torn down": John W. Hutchinson (1896, 1:47-48).
"How well I remember the singing of these girls": John W. Hutchinson (1896, 1:48-49). See also Celebration of the One Hundredth Anniversary of the Incorporation of Milford, New Hampshire, June 26, 1894: Including the Proceedings of the Committee, Addresses, Poem, and Other Exercises of the Occasion, compiled by William B. Rotch (Milford, NH: Cabinet Print, 1894), 51.
Evidently John's girlfriend, Tryphena H. Tupper, died in 1848. Initial research turned up little information about Sarah French, Judson's "Sally." But Jane French, who seems to have been her cousin, is quite another matter. Her name is recorded elsewhere as Jane E. French. Evidently Jane French's relationship with Asa B. Hutchinson lasted a good deal longer than the romances of Judson and John. Years later, Jane returned to Milford; and it is quite possible that, as Jane E. Heald, she attended the 1905 Hutchinson family reunion with her brother-in-law, David Heald, who was a Hutchinson family connection and one of the speakers.
Page 11
During the first week of June 1842, the brothers, without Abby, took the first tentative steps toward a return to the world of concert singing. The trio, with Lyman Heath, gave two entertainments in Concord to thin houses. But these engagements would have exceeded the Hutchinsons' expectations had they sung to an audience of one.
Nathaniel Peabody Rogers, a gifted writer and a lover of music, was the editor of the Herald of Freedom, the Concord-based newspaper of the New Hampshire Antislavery Society. Though the subscription list was not as large as Rogers would have liked, the Herald of Freedom was read with interest by influential reformers on both sides of the Atlantic.
N. P. Rogers' early notices of the Hutchinson Family tell us much about their fledgling performances, both by what he wrote and by what is missing. At this point, perhaps the main thing that distinguished the Æolian Vocalists from other troupes was that the eccentric Judson, the relentless John, and the noble Asa were all charismatic individuals. In the first Herald of Freedom review, Rogers said the brothers "performed with such modesty as well as talent, as deeply to interest me in the singers as well as their music." "If I can judge rationally about it, (and if I can't, it is because they have enchanted me) they are musicians of the very highest order, and with the practice and improvement they will naturally experience, before they pass their prime, will reach a rare degree of excellence in their glorious art."
More than likely Rogers' words of delight over hearing the Hutchinsons in concert ran through Judson's head like a catchy tune, as he rode to Boston taking John's bay horse. He purchased a second-hand carryall for seventy-five dollars. In what was later called an excess of enthusiasm, Judson gave John's horse a meal consisting of half a bushel of oats, a peck of Indian meal, and a large crib full of hay. After this feast, the bay was not moving particularly well, so "Judson had to leave the animal behind to digest the monster meal, and procure another horse to take the carryall from Boston to Milford."
As Brother Benjamin had supplied the sleigh that carried the singers to their first professional engagements, so now he provided a white mare. This two-horse team was to take them on their grand start - a venture, we are told, their father opposed. The Hutchinsons gave Fourth of July entertainments in Milford and Nashua, the latter with Lyman Heath.
"In the first Herald of Freedom review, Rogers said the brothers": "The New-Hampshire 'Rainers'," Concord, NH, Herald of Freedom, June 10, 1842, p. 3 cols. 3-4.
Evidently the group had not achieved that "rare degree of excellence" quite yet.
Descriptions of unusually close harmony are conspicuously missing from Rogers' reviews as well as from other early notices. It was constant practice over a long time that made the Hutchinson Family's group vocals exceptional; and as a harmony group, they had not yet perfected their art by the beginning of the grand start.
One might infer from Nathaniel Rogers' later writings that he was acquainted with Jesse Jr. by the time he first heard the Hutchinsons in concert.
"He purchased a second-hand carryall": Book of Brothers (1852, 23-24). See also John W. Hutchinson (1896, 1:49).
"As Brother Benjamin had supplied the sleigh": John W. Hutchinson (1896, 1:45, 49); Book of Brothers (1852, 23).
By far the most complete treatment of this pivotal period, from the quartet's 1842 "grand start" through the 1845-1846 United Kingdom tour, is to be found in Dale Cockrell, ed., Excelsior: Journals of the Hutchinson Family Singers, 1842-1846 (Stuyvesant, NY: Pendragon Press, 1989). Excelsior remains in print and is available from the publisher and from Amazon.com. It is highly recommended reading.
Page 12
The Æolian Vocalists loaded their carryall and prepared for an exciting adventure. Inside went a bag of clothes, two fiddles, and miscellaneous singers. The cello was strapped to the top, and a small hair trunk containing Abby's wardrobe was placed on the rack. They sent their concert bills ahead, at times by mail and at other times through the help of friends.
Members of the quartet made it their practice to sing a stirring melody from their carriage as they entered a town. Villagers, curious as to what the singing was about, would come out of doors; and the music lovers among them would get a free sample of what to expect from an Æolian Vocalists performance.
The group gave concerts at Washington Hall in Concord, and again
At Hanover, faculty and senior students of Dartmouth College patronized the Æolian Vocalists; but no women attended their first concert, "somewhat to the embarrassment of the lady vocalist." Professional musicians, like actors, generally had a reputation for being less than respectable. Perhaps this was one reason why females shied away from the first Hanover entertainment. After that, word-of-mouth advertising may have helped our singers' cause, for on the second evening, women came out in substantial numbers.
Next, the quartet crossed into Vermont, where frequent high tolls on the roads took a heavy toll on their common purse. In the early days, to save money that would normally go toward hotel or boarding expenses, members of the group would take turns sleeping in the carryall.
By this time group members were keeping a journal. From one of Brother Asa's early entries, it is known that they were quite interested in Samuel Thomson's program of botanic medicine. A more important and enduring part of the Hutchinsons' approach to good health was a program of vigorous daily exercise.
On the road from Woodstock to Rutland, tensions among the brothers ran high. The cause may have been the group's shaky finances, plus the long hours spent together in close quarters. According to Asa's July 23 journal entry, before reaching the road's crest three of them got into a scuffle. Judson's wristband was torn off. Asa's coat was ripped and one of his knuckles was bruised. Abby, who is normally described as gentle, became involved in the altercation, for Asa tells us that one of her fingers was numbed. Only John escaped unharmed.
By the time the Æolians reached Whitehall, New York, a new song, "The Snow Storm," had entered the group's repertoire. The lyrics, which they knew from one of their school readers, tell the story of Harrison and Lucy Blake and their daughter Rebecca, who was a little over a year old.
"Noting the addition of Sister Abby, he said": "The Hutchinsons Again," Concord, NH, Herald of Freedom, July 15, 1842, p. 3 cols. 3-4.
"At Hanover, faculty and senior students": Book of Brothers (1852, 25-26).
"From one of Brother Asa's early entries, it is known": Asa B. Hutchinson, July 22, 1842, in Cockrell (1989, 20).
Asa's entries are plentiful in these early journals. He did notably less writing in after years.
"According to Asa's July 23 journal entry": Asa B. Hutchinson, July 23, 1842, in Cockrell (1989, 21); cf. Book of Brothers (1852, 26).
"By the time the Æolians reached Whitehall, New York": Asa B. Hutchinson, July 26, 1842, in Cockrell (1989, 28-29).
"The Snow Storm: A Ballad," lyrics: Seba Smith, music: Lyman Heath, first line of text: "The cold wind swept the mountain's height" (Boston: Oliver Ditson, 1843).
At first the Hutchinsons sang "The Snow Storm" to one of Judson's tunes, and later they switched to the Lyman Heath musical setting. Heath's melody is surprisingly thin fare, leaving modern observers to be curious about Judson's original and why it was replaced.
Page 13
On December 19, 1821, the Blakes left Salem, New York, for a visit to family and friends in Marlboro, Vermont. Crossing the Green Mountains, they found deeper snow than expected. After proceeding with much difficulty, the horse simply stopped. It was then nighttime. The Blakes freed their horse from the sleigh and tried to keep moving, mother and child on horseback and father on foot. Harrison went ahead for help. The next day, a man found him in the snow. When he was brought indoors - and to his senses - he said that his wife and child were still on the mountain. Almost immediately after help arrived, Lucy Blake died. "'O God!' she cried, in accents wild, 'If I must perish, save my child,'" says the song. The baby was in the snow some distance away, wrapped in a great coat and blanket - unharmed, except for one toe. The baby looked at her rescuer and smiled.
Journalist Seba Smith told this story in verses that were published in Ohio's Medina Whig; and Lyman Heath gave it a spare musical setting. Like several other Hutchinson Family songs, it entered oral tradition, and survives today as the folk song, "The Stratton Mountain Tragedy."
Concerts in Whitehall were financially unsuccessful. From there, the group toured through Glens Falls, Sandy Hill, and on to Saratoga Springs. They had about thirty-four dollars in cash - down to where it could do little more than cover the weekly board for the singers and their horses. Leaving Saratoga Springs, "low alike in pocket and in spirits, a stranger informed them that their horse had broken into his field and, not having the fear of the law before his eyes, had committed sundry and divers damages to the amount of four shillings and sixpence, which he demanded and they paid."
The group went to Ballston Spa and then Schenectady, where they found many bills advertising the Rainers' concert - but none announcing their own. With the help of a friend, they got up a free entertainment and sent a crier around to promote it. At the end of the show, a collection was taken to benefit our struggling musicians.
In Albany, the singers enjoyed little success. "Poor as the devil," said Judson. "Growing no richer very fast." On the 13th, John recorded that the group had thirty-three dollars. The next day, evidently after paying their board, Judson wrote that the group had just forty-two cents!
"On December 19, 1821, the Blakes left Salem, New York": Lucy Blake's death notice was published in "The Messenger," Brattleboro, VT Farmers' Weekly Messenger, December 31, 1821, p. 3 col. 2. For a fuller account, see Ephraim H. Newton, The History of the Town of
Much reason exists to believe that the Hutchinsons became acquainted with members of the Blake family, who, it is said, heard the group sing "The Snow Storm" in Cleveland in the 1850s.
"Leaving Saratoga Springs, low alike in pocket": Book of Brothers (1852, 26-27).
"[T]he sum of three dollars was collected, said John": John W. Hutchinson (1896, 1:58).
"Poor as the devil, said Judson": Judson J. Hutchinson, August 11
Page 14
Still singing to small audiences, their finances were on the brink of disaster. Why, then, didn't they raise the white flag of surrender over their carryall and make the sad journey home?
When the storms of adversity lowered over their young prospects, [wrote Joshua] and failure was depicted in the countenance of the others, John, with a firm
One change, at this time, involved engaging a business agent, in the person of their uncle, Nathaniel K. Leavitt.
The Albany Microscope of August 20 said:
We understand they appear again next week. We trust a full attendance will show that for once we can appreciate them as they deserve. Possibly their slim luck, the last time they were here, was occasioned by the title of the family - The "American Æolian Vocalists." We hope those who object to it, will read it hereafter - The "English Æolian Vocalists," and patronize them.
In fact, many Americans did seem to expect little from native talent. Early in their experience, the Hutchinsons may have been held back, too, by a lack of the formal training that one could receive in a European music academy. In any event, the quartet was still in the puzzling position of pleasing their audiences while going broke. John - of all people - wrote:
We seriously contemplated disbandment. A plan was devised to sell the team and take money enough to go home with Abby, for we had already kept her away from mother beyond the promised time. The lot fell upon me to go with her to New Hampshire, and leave Judson and Asa, who were to put off into the country and work their board until my return.
In the midst of these unsettled plans, there was a rap at the door and in stepped a tall gentleman, who, introducing himself, stated his errand. "Can you remain in the city till next Monday evening," said he; "I will give you a hundred dollars if you will sing for me that evening."
This friend was Luke F. Newland.
"When the storms of adversity lowered over their young prospects": Joshua Hutchinson, A Brief Narrative of the Hutchinson Family (Boston: Lee and Shepard, 1874), 44.
"One change, at this time, involved engaging a business agent": Asa B. Hutchinson, August 13 and August 15, 1842, in Cockrell (1989, 60-61, 63-64).
Not a lot of information about Nathaniel K. Leavitt and his own family is readily available at this time. A son, Andrew J. Leavitt, was a well-known performer on the minstrel stage. It would be interesting to know what the "K" stands for in Nathaniel K. Leavitt. One descendant, who sadly seems no longer to be with us, thought the middle initial stands for Kimball, though he did not say why. My own guess is Kendrick.
Much closer to home, stylistically, the Hutchinsons, on their Leavitt side, were distant relatives of the Cheney Family singers.
"We seriously contemplated disbandment": John W. Hutchinson (1896, 1:60).
Wilson Ludlow Scott was a descendant of Sister Rhoda. He took a real interest in the Hutchinson Family biography, Singin' Yankees, by Philip D. Jordan. One passage he liked to quote is apropos to this part of the story. It goes like this:
They exemplified the romantic period in their individualism, humanitarianism, ideas of progress, reform notions, optimism, and assertive nationalism. Yet, like many individuals of volatile temperament, the Hutchinsons could manifest canny sense and sound business judgment. Always the battle was between the ideal and the practical. The result for the five was lives of extremes, lives that were paradoxical, lives that teetered between success and failure.
[The Hutchinsons were doing some Industrial Revolution-strength teetering at this point in their history. -
See Philip D. Jordan, Singin' Yankees (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1946), vii-viii. The five, of course, refers to Jesse, Judson, John, Asa, and Abby. I would make the number six, adding Joshua to the list. He was far too important to take a back seat. We would not be enjoying the Hutchinson Family story together if not for Joshua, the engine that got this train rolling.
David, Noah, Andrew, Zephy, Caleb, Joshua, Jess and Beny, We're the sons of Mary Of the tribe of Jesse |
Behold the day of promise comes, full of inspiration The blessed day by prophets sung for the healing of the nation Old midnight errors flee away, they soon will all be gone While heavenly angels seem to say the good time's coming on
The good time, the good time, the good time's coming on The good time, the good time, the good time's coming on |
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