Heralds of Freedom
The Hutchinson Family Singers

- Chapter 3  Part 2  Roll It Along Through the Nation  1844-1845 -

Hutchinson Family Singers Web Site



[1846 Margaret Gillies sketch of the Hutchinson Family quartet]



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Roll It Along Through the Nation
1844-1845
Chapter 3  Part 2


In August 1844, the Hutchinsons hired a stagecoach and driver to take them through the White Mountains.  Twelve crowded into the large vehicle, and others rode in single carriages.  They traveled to Concord on the 7th, pitched their tent, and gave a concert at the old North Church.  Others joined the party including Frances, Caroline, and Ellen, daughters of Nathaniel P. Rogers.   They reached Sanbornton the next day.  On Friday the 9th, they entered Plymouth at noon, singing  "Voice of Spring."  The quartet gave a concert that evening at the courthouse.

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"In August 1844,  the Hutchinsons hired a stagecoach":   John W. Hutchinson (1896, 1:122); see also Nashua New Hampshire Republican, n.d., in John W. Hutchinson (1896, 1:125).

"On Friday the 9th,  they entered Plymouth at noon":   "Letter from the Editor," Concord, NH, Herald of Freedom, August 16, 1844.

"Voice of Spring," lyrics: Felicia D. Hemans, fragment: "I come, I come, ye have called me long, I come o'er the mountains, with light and song."


Page 9

The next day, the Hutchinson party went trouting at Lincoln.  No doubt their route and pace were set, in part, so they would be in Littleton to sing at an antislavery meeting on the 11th.  They traveled through Franconia Notch, had a great view of the famed  "Old Man of the Mountain,"  and went rowing on Pemigewassett Lake.  On the evening of the 12th,  the quartet gave a concert.

Not far from one mountain hotel they halted, and fished and sang and put up their canvas tent.  Later, a stage-driver coming into this hotel was asked if he had seen the Hutchinson singers, whom they heard were on the way.  His reply was,  "No, but I passed a band of tented Arabs who were fishing and singing not far away." . . . Later the "Arabs" came driving to the hotel, singing,  "We're a band of brothers from the old Granite State,"  and announced their identity, but the populace did not believe them.  They entered the hotel in their rough and ready rigs, procured rooms, and when evening came, they appeared in costume to the wonderment of all; and when they sang, they captivated and charmed and took the mountain house by storm.

The next day the company was at Fabyan's, which was then a small establishment; so the tent was put to use by the men, and the eight women shared a single room in the hotel.  On the 14th, the party ascended Mount Washington on horseback.  "It was a romantic sight,"  said John,  "to see some twenty-four men and women on horseback, following one another single file over the rocks and crags, logs, ruts and ditches until they reached an altitude so high that trees or shrubs refused to grow.  Then we left earth behind and went into the clouds, and at last reached the summit."  Back at the foot of the mountain, they raced their horses on the plain.  When they came to a road, they followed it back to the hotel, singing as they went.

Then began the return trip.  They had dinner at the old Crawford House on the 15th, and that evening they pitched their tent in North Conway and gave a concert to people who gathered outside.  The next day they enjoyed a picnic in the woods.  Neighboring farmers joined them for a temperance and antislavery lecture.  The next day they went rowing and swimming in Lake Winnipesaukee.  They journeyed home through Plymouth, Sanbornton Bridge, and Goffstown, where they spent the last night of this trip.  Finally, their journey ended at Milford.  Brother Asa referred to this adventure as the Hutchinsons' White Mountain tramp, and he said it was one of the happiest times he ever had.

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On September 11, 1844, the quartet began another concert season, with Brother Zephaniah serving as their business agent.  Their first stops were at Manchester and Nashua, where their engagements were highly profitable.  Appearances followed at Newburyport, Portsmouth, and Saco, as they traveled up the coast to Portland where they arrived on the 21st.  They had a delightful visit with their friend W. Oliver Dennett and gave two concerts.  Then they left Portland by steamboat for engagements at Augusta, Gardiner, Hallowell, and Brunswick.  At Bath, they closed the show with  "The Old Granite State"  -  or tried to  -  but the antislavery people in their audience shouted for  "Get Off the Track!"

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"Not far from one mountain hotel they halted":   Nashua New Hampshire Republican, n.d., in John W. Hutchinson (1896, 1:126).

We are not given a date when this incident happened.

"It was a romantic sight,  said John,  to see":   John W. Hutchinson (1896, 1:124).

"Brother  Asa  referred  to  this  adventure":   Asa B. Hutchinson, September 29, 1844, in Cockrell (1989, 293-294).

John's account gets the party home at an impossibly early date.  Dale Cockrell (1989, 390) places their return much more plausibly at August 21.

"They had a delightful visit with their friend":   Like many friends of the Hutchinsons, Oliver Dennett has been identified as an Underground Railroad operator.  For the latest online incarnation of what I believe to be essentially the same list as my original November 3, 1999, source, see "The Menare Foundation Inc. Names of Underground Railroad Operators: Maine," www.menare.org/Research/States/ME.htm, accessed October 3, 2006; name given there as "Dennet, Oliver."  Hutchinson Family records show that several members gave money to support Underground Railroad operations.


Page 10

On October 4, the Hutchinsons took part in an antislavery meeting at City Hall in Portland.  But after the first day, it came to a sudden halt, when the mayor refused to allow such use of the building.  The meetings resumed at Concert Hall on Sunday.

At each session, a slave owner engaged Garrison in debate.  That evening, he proposed a resolution to the effect that the abolitionists were traitors to country and God.  At a point in the discussions marked by great chaos, Garrison asked the quartet to sing.  They answered with  "The Bereaved Slave Mother."  John said they faced the most disorderly gathering he ever saw  -  which is saying a lot.  The Hutchinsons had sung, and would continue to sing, at a goodly number of meetings in disarray.  Soon the hall was quiet, and the singers had the attention of those present.  Then the meeting continued without further interruption.  The Hutchinsons were so excited by this incident that it was the wee hours of the morning before they got to bed.

On Monday the quartet started for home through New Hampshire and Massachusetts,  with engagements all along the way.

The following week, the group gave a concert at the Melodeon to their largest Boston audience yet.  The day of the show, the Atlas attacked  "Get Off the Track!"  -  which appeared in the published program  -  calling it  "vile stuff."  Next, they sang to crowded houses in Providence and Worcester.  By November 2, the Hutchinsons had reached Albany, for a series of engagements in the area.  Election day came during this visit, and there was much excitement.

At one time, a trip to Albany amounted to a  "western"  tour; but now the quartet planned to travel far into western New York State.  They gave concerts along the way and arrived at Buffalo on November 22.  On the trip, John was lost in the works of phrenologist and publisher O. S. Fowler.

The Buffalo area had suffered a great storm, and Judson and John went to see a Lake Erie steamship that had washed ashore.  They noticed a house with its first story destroyed but with signs of life coming from the upstairs.  Inside, they found a frail woman wearing clothes that were inadequate for the season and holding a half-starved baby in her arms.  The next day, with Abby, they took her some clothing, paid her rent, and gave her money to use for a more secure dwelling.

The quartet gave two successful concerts at Buffalo.  Then they visited Niagara Falls, though the weather was so cold that they little enjoyed the scene.  On the way back, they stopped at many of the same cities for return engagements.

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"At each session,  a slave owner engaged Garrison in debate":   Strange to say, the slave owner had an ally in the person of Portland's John Neal, a lawyer as well as a literary figure of importance at that time.

"On the trip,  John was lost in the works of phrenologist":   Phrenology was a popular belief that the shape of the head reveals details about the mind and character of its owner.


Page 11

At Buffalo, Judson's mood turned gloomy.  In Rochester, he was writing a letter to his mother and father.  As John passed by, he noticed that he had drawn a coffin in the margin.  John stopped a moment and watched Judson draw another coffin so that the two appeared head-to-head.  John was anxious already, for Fanny was pregnant; and though the quartet was having a long, highly successful tour, and though they often met old friends, John thought his brothers and sister were  "full of forebodings."

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On December 6, the band reached Milford.  In the village, they heard that Rhoda's husband, Isaac Bartlett, and Brother Benjamin were sick.  This proved true, though Ben and Isaac were up and about.  But in the coming days, their condition grew worse; and Asa contracted the same illness, typhus.  On the 14th, Jesse and Andrew arrived to help take care of the sick men.

Into this scene of sickness and gloom came new life, for Henry, John and Fanny's first son, was born on Tuesday evening, December 17, 1844.  When Benjamin heard the baby's first cry, he awoke and said,  "One comes into the world; another goes out."  Soon Rhoda came hurriedly in, saying that Isaac was dying.  John found him saying his last farewell to the family.

On Sunday, December 22, Isaac A. Bartlett died, leaving Sister Rhoda alone with their daughter Marietta.  The next day, Ben sang a farewell song with Jesse, who was caring for him at the time.  Three hours later, Benjamin died.

A double funeral was held at the homestead on the 24th.  The family gathered, except Asa, who was too sick.  When John saw head-to-head coffins in the hall, he suddenly flashed back to Judson's drawing.  During the service, Jesse spoke, concluding with the words,  "We have adjourned our family meeting to Heaven."  Judson, John, and Asa were close in age to Benjamin, and, as boys, they had shared a room with him.  He was their confidant, and he quietly helped them start their concert career.  Not incidentally, Isaac and Benjamin, along with Sister Rhoda, had carried most of the responsibility for the Milford farm.

The quartet's New York engagements, scheduled for after the first of the year, were canceled.

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Back in early 1842, Jesse Sr. gave a deed for the family farm to his six youngest children, with conditions that had not been fully met.  He owned a house in the village and still had the old homestead where all but two of the children were born; and he had a notion to take up preaching.  Around this time, some of the older brothers began saying they thought it was not quite fair that they did not have a share in the newer farm.  After several family conferences, a decision was made to divide the property and give up the community plan.  Since the deed to the youngest children had never been recorded, all that was needed was to destroy it.

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"At  Buffalo,   Judson's  mood  turned  gloomy":   John W. Hutchinson (1896, 1:133-134).

"Into this scene of sickness and gloom came new life":   A few sources give the 18th as the date of Henry J. Hutchinson's birth.

"Back  in  early  1842,   Jesse  Sr.  gave  a  deed":   E.g.,  One provision called for the touring musicians to give up their itinerant life, a thing they could hardly be said to have done.

"Around this time, some of the older brothers began saying":   John W. Hutchinson (1896, 1:135-137).  See also "To the Judge of Probate," Amherst, NH, Farmers' Cabinet, March 6, 1845, p. 3 col. 6.

According to the Book of Brothers (1852, 39), this deed was canceled during the quartet's home visit that began in May 1845.


Page 12

For a time Judson and Jerusha kept house in the farm's "milk room," while John, Fanny, and little Henry had their quarters in the sitting room.  They lived quiet lives which were devoted mostly to domestic duties, with appearances here and there at antislavery gatherings.

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On March 1, 1845, the quartet started a tour through Manchester and Lowell to Boston.  From there, they went to Providence and on to New York, arriving on the 17th.  The first concert of this series was at Niblo's on March 19.  "Get Off the Track!"  was one of the songs planned as part of the program, though the Hutchinsons were cautioned not to sing this piece in New York.  According to an early biography,  "Threats were made of organized and violent opposition. . . . "   Sister Abby said,  "[T]he New York Herald and the Express newspapers . . . both came out in violent and vituperative terms, saying, the Hutchinsons ought not to be allowed to sing such a song, and that if they dared to sing it, they deserve to be mobbed.  Even our most warm and enthusiastic friends among the abolitionists took the alarm, and with some trepidation begged that we might omit the song, as they did not wish to see us killed outright."

As Abby told the story, Niblo's Garden was crowded with 2,000 people that evening.  Many friends of the singers came to protect them, should violence break out.  Women sat in front so they could hustle "little Abby" out of harms way.  When the quartet stepped on stage, the audience warmly greeted them.

We supposed our enemies were out in full force,  [ said Abby ]  but we did not know in what part of the house they were sitting.  About the middle of the concert we sang  "Get off the Track,"  brother Jesse coming to assist us.  We felt that we might never be permitted to sing another song on earth, and for this reason we sang with a fervor and enthusiasm greater than was our wont. . . .

The effect on the audience was electric and we were heartily cheered between all the verses, and when we sat down, the applause was tremendously overwhelming, and this song was the greatest success of the evening.

Tensions, though, remained high.  During one of the New York shows, when a friend, Henry Denison, wanted to hear a particular song, he wrote down his request, somehow attached it to a penny, and threw it on stage.  The penny hit a violin; and since singers and audience alike did not know the missile's source, much confusion resulted and the program was stopped until the crowd could be calmed.

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"According to an early biography,  Threats were made":   Book of Brothers (1852, 38);  John W. Hutchinson (1896, 1:138);  Abby Hutchinson Patton, "Story of the Song 'Get off the Track' as written by Mrs. Abby H. Patton," MS, n.d., in Item 122v, Ludlow Patton's Hutchinson Family Scrapbook, Wadleigh Memorial Library, Milford, New Hampshire.

"As Abby told the story,  Niblo's Garden was crowded":   Abby Hutchinson Patton, "Story of the Song 'Get off the Track' as written by Mrs. Abby H. Patton," MS, n.d., in Item 122v, Ludlow Patton's Hutchinson Family Scrapbook, Wadleigh Memorial Library, Milford, New Hampshire;  J. F. D., "Some Old Friends," Boston Evening Transcript, May 9, 1885, p. 5 col. 1.

"We supposed our enemies were out in full force":   Abby Hutchinson Patton, "Story of the Song 'Get off the Track' as written by Mrs. Abby H. Patton," MS, n.d., in Item 122v, Ludlow Patton's Hutchinson Family Scrapbook, Wadleigh Memorial Library, Milford, New Hampshire.  Cf. John W. Hutchinson (1896, 1:138-139);  Concord, NH, Herald of Freedom, n.d. [March 28, 1845?], in Item 5r, Ludlow Patton's Hutchinson Family Scrapbook, Wadleigh Memorial Library, Milford, New Hampshire.

Threats of violence against antislavery agitators were not unknown; and most accounts agree that friends thought  the Hutchinsons were in danger of physical harm.  If a mob was present  -  and one may have been  -  it is doubtful this looked to the leaders like a good time to pick a fight.


Page 13

On the 21st, the quartet sang at the Brooklyn Institute, though without an enthusiastic endorsement from the Brooklyn Advertiser.  That paper said  "Get Off the Track!"  should be utterly condemned and suggested that the Hutchinsons drop  "The Old Granite State"  from their programs.  Concerts at Niblo's and Palmer's Opera House followed.  John's diary did not speak of applause so much as little hissing.  On April 4,  500 people were turned away from Niblo's for lack of space at the show.

Now, way back on June 10, 1842, in the Herald of Freedom, Nathaniel P. Rogers wrote, "[T]he young Hutchinsons  -  they are the singing birds.  They sing and play as if they were born in a nightingale's nest."  It became common after that for journalists and fans to compare the quartet's vocals to the singing of birds.  In New York, this was condensed into a phrase that would stick to the Hutchinsons for life.  N. P. Willis, in the New York Evening Mirror, called them  "a nest of brothers with a sister in it."

The quartet's first engagement in Philadelphia fell on April 7.  Two days later, they sang again to as many people as could get into Musical Fund Hall.  After that, they gave more concerts in New York and Brooklyn.  They sang at Sing Sing prison on the 20th, and the song  "My Mother's Bible"  brought tears to the eyes of the female prisoners.  On the 24th, their final New York show was held at the Broadway Tabernacle.  The trip home included concert stops at New Haven and Boston.  May 5 found them safely back in Milford.  Asa and Abby returned to school, while Judson and John did farm work, and made soap, butter, and pickles.

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In the spring of 1845, Jesse Hutchinson, Jr., bought land on High Rock in Lynn from Timothy Johnson.  Over the next couple years he would purchase eight adjoining lots,  "at great trouble and expense."  This purchase was worth the effort to Jesse, for now he was the owner of the spot he loved best.  Nathaniel P. Rogers was intrigued by Jesse's plans for his new property.  "Jesse is a Poet  -  but he can build songs, he will find, easier than he can [build] Stone Cottages, in this flinty, hard-money world, and among the cliffs of High Rock.  If he succeeds in this design, though, he will have a Home there, like a Song."

Jesse had a dream for the summit of High Rock that a dreamer like Rogers could appreciate.

And Jesse means in his heart to pile a tower of rude stone on the summit of High Rock,  -  some five and twenty or thirty feet high, with an Observatory in the top, where he will have a telescope. . . .   I wish to Heaven he had the means.

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"That  paper  said   Get  Off  the  Track!   should  be":   "The Hutchinson's Concert," Brooklyn Advertiser, March 22, 1845.

"N. P. Willis, in the New York Evening Mirror, called them":   This phrase,  "a nest of brothers with a sister in it,"  is usually attributed to the Home Journal.  But it came into common use months before the Home Journal first started publishing.

"In the spring of 1845, Jesse Hutchinson, Jr., bought land":   Jesse Hutchinson, Jr., "High Rock," Lynn (MA) News, n.d. [dateline: July 24, 1848], in Item 18r, Ludlow Patton's Hutchinson Family Scrapbook, Wadleigh Memorial Library, Milford, New Hampshire.  See also Elizabeth Hope Cushing, Historic Landscape Report: High Rock Reservation, Lynn, Massachusetts (Boston: Boston University, American and New England Studies Program, 1986), 3.  For some reason, libraries often catalog this useful and important report under the name of Keith N. Morgan, the Project Director, though the report's title page explicitly identifies Elizabeth Hope Cushing as the author.

"Jesse is a Poet  -  but he can build songs,  he will find":   "High Rock," [Nathaniel P. Rogers'] Concord, NH, Herald of Freedom, August 15, 1845.

"And Jesse means in his heart to pile a tower of rude stone": "High Rock," [Nathaniel P. Rogers'] Concord, NH, Herald of Freedom, August 15, 1845.


Page 14

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On June 4, the Hutchinsons attended a meeting in Concord.  It was one of the sad events of the antislavery movement.

The main trouble  [ said John ]  was over the Herald of Freedom.  The paper was edited by N. P. Rogers[;] and his son-in-law, John R. French . . . was its business manager.  All the New England Abolitionists were interested in the paper. . . .   Mr. Rogers, who had an expensive family, had left a lucrative law practice to take up the anti-slavery agitation.  At this meeting an accounting was asked.  The first causes of the trouble were Foster and Pillsbury, who expressed a feeling that they had beaten the bush for the paper in their meetings, but that Rogers had caught the bird.  Another cause of trouble was Mr. Rogers' ideas as to meetings.  He had invented a sort of free meeting, with no chairman, where each said what he had to say as he found opportunity.  This did not meet the views of Mr. Garrison, who was disposed to insist that everything in the anti-slavery line should be carried on strictly in the Garrisonian way, decently and in order.  They also disagreed on the subject of an independent party organization.  The upshot of it all was that the convention displaced Rogers and put Pillsbury in his place.  The people of New Hampshire were very much attached to Rogers, and rather indignant at this proceeding.  Consequently, when he started another paper in Concord, it at once gained a large circulation, while the Herald of Freedom languished.

The Hutchinsons had friends in both camps.   When tempers flared, they put in a song.  This bought some time; but evidently the family's best efforts were not enough to prevent a deepening rift.

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"The main trouble  [said John]  was over the Herald of Freedom":   John W. Hutchinson (1896, 1:140).

Possibly the fullest recent account of this episode appears in Stacey M. Robertson, Parker Pillsbury: Radical Abolitionist, Male Feminist (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2000), 65-71.  Thanks to George Fullerton for suggesting it.

In reference to the year, 1848, John spoke of the Hutchinsons as working for the emancipation of slaves independently and in their own way.  The conflict between Garrison and Rogers may be seen as an important root of that later sense of independence from the Garrisonian abolitionists and, doubtless, from other antislavery factions as well.

Isaac Appleton Bartlett (1817-1844)
Benjamin Pierce Hutchinson (1815-1844)


Heralds of Freedom

Behold the day of promise comes,  full of inspiration

The blessed day by prophets sung for the healing of the nation

Old midnight errors flee away, they soon will all be gone

While heavenly angels seem to say the good time's coming on

The good time, the good time, the good time's coming on

The good time, the good time, the good time's coming on

More "Heralds of Freedom"

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Alan Lewis. Heralds of Freedom: The Hutchinson Family Singers.
Brattleboro, Vermont: Published by the author. 2006.

Copyright © 2006 by Alan Lewis.
All rights reserved. Used with permission.

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Table of Contents
Massachusetts, MA, Mass.; Minnesota, Minn., MN; New Hampshire, N. H., NH; New Jersey, N.J., NJ. Essex County, Hillsboro County, Hillsborough County, McLeod County. Lynn Massachusetts, Hutchinson Minnesota, Amherst New Hampshire, Milford New Hampshire, Mont Vernon New Hampshire, Orange New Jersey, City of New York City. Cellist, cello, fiddle, fiddler, melodeon player, violin, violinist, violoncello. Baptist, Christian Science, Christian Scientist, Congregational, Congregationalist, Methodist, Unitarian Universalist. The Book of Brothers, Carol Brink Harps in the Wind: The Story of the Singing Hutchinsons, Carol Ryrie Brink, Carol R Brink, Dale Cockrell Excelsior: Journals of the Hutchinson Family Singers 1842-1846, John Wallace Hutchinson "Story of the Hutchinsons (Tribe of Jesse)", "Story of the Hutchinsons", Joshua Hutchinson A Brief Narrative of the Hutchinson Family, Philip Jordan, Philip Dillon Jordan, Philip D Jordan Singin Yankees, Phil Jordan, Ludlow Patton The Hutchinson Family Scrapbook. Index: Singing Yankees. 1860, 1870, 1880, 1900, 1910, 1920, 1930. Birth, born, death, died, divorce, divorced, maiden, marriage, married, single, unmarried. Ancestry, www.ancestry.com, the Boston Globe, family history, genealogy. Abolition, abolitionism, abolitionist, anniversary, anti-slavery, antislavery, audience, band, biography, chorus, church, the Civil War, company, compose, composer, composition, concert, convention, entertain, entertainment, folk music, folk songs, folksongs, group, harmony, High Rock in Lynn, Hutchison, instrument, instrumental, lyricist, lyrics, meeting, musician, N E, NE, NEMS, New England Music Scrapbook, Northeast, Northeastern, the Old Granite State, practice, profile, program, quartet, rehearsal, rehearse, religious left, repertoire, research, the Revels' Circle of Song, show, singer, social reform, social reformer, song writer, songwriter, stage, equal suffrage, suffragette, equal suffragist, impartial suffrage, impartial suffragist, temperance, tour, the Tribe of Jesse, trio, troupe, verse, vocal, vocalist, woman's rights, women's rights, words. Susan Hartshorn, Susan W Hartshorn, Abby Hutchinson, Abby J Hutchinson, Andrew Hutchinson, Andrew B Hutchinson, Asa Hutchinson, Asa Burnham Hutchinson, Asa B Hutchinson, Benjamin Hutchinson, Benjamin Pierce Hutchinson, Benjamin P Hutchinson, Caleb Hutchinson, David Hutchinson, Jerusha Hutchinson, Jerusha Peabody Hutchinson, Jerusha P Hutchinson, Jesse Hutchinson Jr, Jesse Hutchinson Junior, Jesse Hutchinson Jun, Jesse Hutchinson Sr, Jesse Hutchinson Senior, Jesse Hutchinson Sen, John Hutchinson, John Wallace Hutchinson, John W Hutchinson, Joshua Hutchinson, Judson Hutchinson, Adoniram Judson Joseph Hutchinson, Judson J Hutchinson, J J Hutchinson, Mary Hutchinson, Mary Leavitt Hutchinson, Mary L Hutchinson, Noah Hutchinson, Noah Bartlett Hutchinson, Noah B Hutchinson, Rhoda Hutchinson, Sarah Rhoda Jane Hutchinson, Rhoda J Hutchinson, Susan Hutchinson, Susan W Hartshorn Hutchinson, Susan W H Hutchinson, Susan Hartshorn Hutchinson, Susan H Hutchinson, Susan W Hutchinson, Zephaniah Hutchinson, Zephaniah Kittredge Hutchinson, Zephaniah K Hutchinson, Z K Hutchinson. Isaac Bartlett, Isaac Appleton Bartlett, Isaac A Bartlett, I Appleton Bartlett, Marietta Bartlett, Marietta Caroline Bartlett, Marietta C Bartlett, Henry Dennison, Frances French, Frances Farrand Rogers French, Frances Farrand French, Frances F French, Frances Rogers French, Frances R French, Henry Hutchinson, Henry John Hutchinson, Henry J Hutchinson, H J Hutchinson, Caroline Rogers, Caroline Prentice Rogers, Caroline P Rogers, Ellen Rogers, Ellen Mulliken Rogers, Ellen M Rogers, Frances Rogers, Frances Farrand Rogers, Frances F Rogers, Nathaniel Rogers, Nathaniel Peabody Rogers, Nathaniel P Rogers, N P Rogers, Caroline Smith, Caroline Prentice Rogers Smith, Caroline Prentice Smith, Caroline P Smith, Caroline Rogers Smith, Caroline R Smith. Heralds of Freedom: The Hutchinson Family Singers: Chapter 3: Part 2: Roll It Along Through the Nation 1844-1845