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A bill for the Buffalo engagements is quite interesting. The concerts were to be held at Townsend Hall on July 19 and 21. Now, in another context, John wrote:
We were waiting for great developments in the line of social and ethical progress. We believed that old systems of society - including slavery - of theology and practice were to be done away. We were looking for the new light with eager, longing gaze, determined that no one should welcome it sooner or more heartily than ourselves.
This was the "Good Time Coming," and its spirit had entered into the Hutchinson Family's increasingly-eccentric advertising.
"We were waiting for great developments in the line of social and ethical progress": John W. Hutchinson (1896, 1:272).
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The Buffalo bill was part Jesse and part Judson.
In addition to the usual Programme, several NEW SONGS in keeping with the PROGRESSIVE SPIRIT OF THE AGE, will be introduced, interspersed with short and pertinent suggestions upon the subjects of Health, Harmony and happiness of the Human Family. |
This entertainment would be much more than a diversion.
Toward the middle of the bill is a program, written to rhyme in Judson's whimsical style. Part of it reads:
The "Pedler Boy," and "Wax Work Song," And "Down East" far away, The "High Standing Collar," and "Congressional Scholars," Who work for "Eight Dollars a Day." |
This fascinating advertisement also included a recipe, full of rhythm and rhyme, for unbolted wheat bread.
This bill was quirky, as Hutchinson Family productions tended to be. But though it was light-hearted, it addressed themes the brothers thought were important, such as health and dietary reform. The program included songs of home, family, country, hope, and faith. There were well-known pieces and new compositions, favoring temperance and universal freedom. The Hutchinsons were known for giving their time and money to causes they endorsed; and they came to use their advertising to promote, simultaneously, themselves and these causes. This style of marketing was developed primarily by Jesse and Judson; and in future years it would be used extensively by their brothers.
Even the Hutchinsons' newspaper ads differed from those of most entertainers. For instance, many acts would lead off with the word "Concert" or the name of the hall; the Hutchinsons' typically began with their own name, Hutchinson Family. While we may think long and hard about how to classify them, they fully understood what category they were in - Hutchinson Family. They might have near-competitors as professional popular singers - the Alleghanians come prominently to mind. But as singing reformers and eccentric personalities, they were in a class by themselves.
At Buffalo, Jesse settled with his brothers and left for New England. Meanwhile, the three brothers worked their way home. Back in Milford, Brother John found the quartet's old journal book. He began a new entry. The Hutchinson brothers tended to wear their hair long; and here John recorded that he had let his beard grow to full length, having not shaved for six months.
"The Buffalo bill was part Jesse and part Judson": "Onward Is the Motto," Buffalo [NY]:
www.oocities.org/hfsbook/etc/buffalo.htm
"At Buffalo, Jesse settled with his brothers and left for New England": Probably Jesse received troubling news from home, for not much later it became generally known that his wife and daughter were quite ill, as was Sister Rhoda.
"Back in Milford, Brother John found the quartet's old journal book": John W. Hutchinson, August 8, 1851, in Dale Cockrell, ed., Excelsior: Journals of the Hutchinson Family Singers, 1842-1846 (Stuyvesant, NY: Pendragon Press, 1989), 383. See also "Insanity of One of the Hutchinson Family," s.l.: s.n., n.d.
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In September the trio started on a tour through southern New Hampshire, Massachusetts, and Vermont. Jesse remained in Lynn to care for his wife and daughter, who were ill. Then on Wednesday evening, September 10, 1851, Susan Hutchinson died. From what is known of her life, it seems unlikely she enjoyed much good health during her adult years. Evidently their daughter's condition gave some reason for hope; but on the 21st, little Susan died. Jesse had lost his wife and all six of their children.
Jesse had made plans to go on a tour with his brothers later in the fall. He looked forward to this trip, no doubt thinking that getting away, seeing friends, and being productive would help him work through his grief. But John said,
When one considers the remarkable degree of detail and candor in many of the family's records, John's note about this break with Jesse - our only account - is curiously terse. It is otherwise most notable for being strictly one-sided. If there is blame to be found, no doubt there is plenty of it to go around.
It is unlikely that the differences between the brothers had to do with finances. When Jesse acted as the group's business manager, he shared equally in the profits. In fact, the Hutchinsons, in general, had a long history of sharing generously.
It seems probable that Jesse wanted to take the company to the Pacific coast. He loved scenes of tremendous excitement, and the California Gold Rush was among the greatest spectacles of the age. But his brothers had responsibilities to young families who must have thought the singers should not venture off to the "land of gold and graves." It is probably not mere coincidence that Jesse ultimately hooked up with a band of singers who toured far more widely than the Hutchinsons.
The main causes of this incident may have been mostly personal in nature. Quite likely John and Asa asked for, but failed to obtain, assurances from Jesse that he would make no effort to involve Judson in the spiritual manifestations or any of his other current passions. "Judson," said John, "was a man of the most ardent, loving and susceptible nature. His nerves were always tuned to concert pitch, and he could stand no more than the ordinary limit of excitement in our eventful experiences without breaking."
On Tuesday, November 25, the Hutchinson Family trio began a tour, giving concerts at crowded halls in South Boston, Chelsea, and Boston. While singing in Charlestown, Judson and Asa came down with bad colds. By the time they reached Providence, Judson could not sing. At another time, Joshua or Jesse might fill in. But Joshua was planning a tour of his own, and this was no time to be asking a favor of Jesse. Judson went home to Milford to get well, and soon his brothers followed.
"Then on Wednesday evening, September 10, 1851, Susan Hutchinson": If you know of a photograph or other likeness of Susan Hutchinson and would be willing to share your information about it, please e-mail us via the contact link near the bottom of the page.
"But John said, "[W]e were unable to agree on the terms": John W. Hutchinson (1896, 1:309).
This represents a major break between Jesse Hutchinson, Jr., on the one hand, and Judson, John, and Asa, on the other. It must have taken place in November 1851. The last prior, commonly-known words that are relevant come from a circular written by Jesse Jr. and dated September 16, 1851. "My affairs at home are yet unsettled," he wrote, "but
There is a recently-surfaced resource that might help us to better understand this split in the Hutchinson Family. It is a diary kept by Asa B. Hutchinson from January 1, 1853, to August 30, 1853. It has lately been added to the holdings of the American Antiquarian Society in Worcester, Massachusetts. It was not possible to use the diary in this study; but the reader may see in the coming pages why journal entries from the first half of 1853 could possibly shed light on the events of the fall of 1851.
"It is unlikely that the differences between the brothers had to do": John W. Hutchinson (1896, 2:246).
We have no information whatsoever to judge - should we be so inclined - whether blame for the break between Jesse and the trio fell more on Jesse, on his younger brothers, or somewhere in between.
"Quite likely John and Asa asked for, but failed to obtain": Jesse relied heavily on his faith in spiritualism to help him through this period of profound personal loss. For concerns about Jesse's influence on Judson's mental state, see John W. Hutchinson (1896, 1:276-277). The following passage, from the October 12, 1850, entry in John's diary, seems especially telling: "I visited Jesse, and charged him to leave town and get away from Judson. He said he should do nothing of the kind." For 1851 examples of spiritualist activities involving Jesse, Judson, and evidently John, see John W. Hutchinson (1896, 1:285); and Charles Partridge, "Spiritual Manifestations," New York Daily Tribune, January 17, 1852, p. 6 col. 6; p. 7 col. 1.
"Judson, said John, was a man of the most ardent, loving and susceptible": John W. Hutchinson (1896, 1:275).
Susan W. [ birth name Hartshorn ] Hutchinson (1815-1851)
Susan Mary Emma Hutchinson (1851-1851)
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As for Jesse, he needed to get away. Though he loved High Rock, it was filled with hard memories. So he set off in search of adventure. On Saturday, December 6, he was where we would expect to find him - in New York on Broadway, among a huge crowd of people who had come to welcome the Hungarian revolutionary, Lajos Kossuth, who was making a triumphant U.S. tour.
By the 17th, the trio started once more down that old road which leads from one concert hall to the next. In Providence, the brothers were surprised by news they received from Jesse.
[W]e now learned [ said John ] that he had started out as manager for our friendly rivals, the Alleghanians. The result of this arrangement was that as he knew all our routes we came into frequent conflict, often reaching the same city simultaneously. We still loved our brother and wished him success, but we were grieved.
Now, the Alleghanians vocal group was in New York well before the Hutchinsons. In December, they were quite active, singing for the National Temperance Society and at meetings in New York and Brooklyn in honor of Kossuth. This was a couple weeks or more before the Hutchinsons reached the city. It is uncertain that the Alleghanians and the Hutchinsons bumped heads much during the next few months. Travel itineraries show them often going their separate ways. And it is worth adding that Jesse had been the Hutchinsons' principal advance agent for the past few years. He might have thought those travel routes were his.
While the Hutchinson brothers had been struggling with the problem of how to replace the all-important singing voice of their sister Abby, Miriam Goodnow of the Alleghanians was the darling of the New York press and was drawing a great deal of attention to her group. It was known that representatives of the Alleghanians were in negotiations with master showman
The trio's New York concerts were held at Metropolitan Hall. Originally named Tripler Hall, it opened in 1850. The acoustics were spectacular. The Hutchinson Family must have sounded wonderful in their Metropolitan Hall debut on Tuesday evening, January 6, 1852. "One Hundred Years Hence" was among the songs they were introducing to New York audiences during this stop.
Meanwhile, on Friday evening, January 16, while the Hutchinson Family was entertaining in Williamsburgh, Jesse took the Alleghanians to the Printer's Banquet and Ball at Niblo's Saloon. About this time it seems they were introducing new songs with lyrics by Jesse, such as his "Welcome to Kossuth;" and for this occasion they had another new piece - Fanny Gage's "Song of Labor." This title appears often on the Alleghanians' later concert programs, as well as on many bills of Brother Joshua.
"[W]e now learned [ said John ] that he had started out": John W. Hutchinson (1896, 1:309).
Jesse Hutchinson, Jr., was working with the Alleghanians, in a business capacity of some sort, by the middle of January 1852. But documentary evidence to support John's recollections as to when this association began is entirely missing. The great showman,
"In December, they were quite active, singing": "Meeting of the National Temperance Society," New York Daily Times, December 16, 1851, p. 4 col. 3; "Kossuth in Brooklyn," New York Daily Times, December 19, 1851, p. 1 col. 1; "The Farewell," New York Daily Times, December 22, 1851, p. 1 cols. 1-6; "The Alleghanians," New York Daily Times, January 1, 1852, p. 3 col. 5.
"While the Hutchinson brothers had been struggling": The earliest-known Hutchinson Family biography, the Book of Brothers, contains the following revealing passage: "Since Asa, John and Judson have started anew, their popularity has been gradually on the increase, and they now stand at the head of American Vocalists, as they deserve to do, for they were the first company who ever started in the United States." At the very least this passage allows for the possibility that the Hutchinson Family may have temporarily lost its status as the top group in its field. This makes sense, since Abby - easily one of the quartet's most popular singers - retired from the concert platform and Judson and Asa took off a good deal of time in favor of agricultural pursuits. Much momentum must have been lost. Meanwhile, a rival quartet, the Alleghanians, was going from triumph to triumph, as audiences and critics alike were adoring their soprano, Miriam G. Goodenow. Then the Alleghanians sailed out of New York Harbor, in company with Brother Jesse, for an exciting adventure in San Francisco and the mining country during what turned out to be the peak year of the California Gold Rush. It must have seemed strange to Judson, John, and Asa to be spectators of this swirl of activity and success under Jesse's management. The Book of Brothers is a booklet, not a full-length biography, and it does not go into any detail. But if the Book of Brothers had been a mere puff-piece, it could have skimmed over this down period even more lightly. To see the passage, which is quoted in this note, in its original context, refer to The Book of Brothers: History of the Hutchinson Family (New York: Hutchinson Family, 1852), 46-47.
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Asa was known for seeing projects through to completion; and now he had a new publication in the works. The Book of Brothers is the earliest-known Hutchinson Family biography. Evidently Asa served as something like an executive editor for this project. The booklet began:
In order that the Hutchinson Family may not incur the charge of egotism, they beg to state that the following History has been compiled for publication by a literary friend, from authentic materials furnished by themselves.
At one point in Story of the Hutchinsons, John spoke of "Mr. Dix, the family historian." His book's index indicates that this Mr. Dix was the writer, John Ross Dix. It seems probable that John Hutchinson was telling us John Ross Dix was the "literary friend" who "compiled for publication" and otherwise wrote the Book of Brothers.
Late in January, the trio went up the Hudson River for a series of profitable concerts around Albany. Next they returned to New York for more engagements. They sang, too, at Brooklyn, Newark, Princeton, and Trenton and then traveled to Philadelphia.
Joshua was giving concerts in Pennsylvania. Earlier, attempts at Christiana to assist fugitive slaves had ended in violence. So when Joshua was making plans to come to that state, he asked his advance agent to arrange a visit to the site of the fighting. As it turned out, the New England Masonic Temple was not available; so on Thursday evening, January 29, Joshua entertained in Christiana on the second floor of a newly-constructed woolen mill. The machinery was not yet in place.
It is worth one's while to visit this renowned spot, [ said Joshua ] where the great battle for liberty was fought. Many of the liberated prisoners came to my concert, and I assure you that it was exceedingly gratifying to me to sing to such men - men whose names will be handed down to posterity for striking a decisive blow upon the head of the monster American Slavery.
"In order that the Hutchinson Family may not incur the charge of egotism": Book of Brothers (1852, 3).
"At one point in Story of the Hutchinsons, John spoke of Mr. Dix": John W. Hutchinson (1896, 1:340).
"It is worth one's while to visit this renowned spot, [ said Joshua ]": Joshua Hutchinson, "Music Among the Traitors,"
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He told William Lloyd Garrison:
You may judge whether the occasion and the audience, interspersed with a large portion of the liberated prisoners, and being in sight of the "Battle-Ground," was not enough to give enthusiasm to the performer. I recited Whittier's "Dream," and when I came to the word "Treason," there was an outburst of applause that seemed to jar the massive walls that enclosed us.
Joshua continued singing in Pennsylvania, making appearances at Germantown, Jenkintown, Frankford, Holmesburg, and Bristol.
When the main group arrived in Philadelphia for engagements, said John,
We found Joshua there, giving concerts, and attended one as soon as we arrived, singing one song by request of the people, and to show our good will. Joshua's concerts, we found, were giving good satisfaction.
The admiration was mutual. Judson's
astonishing Italian burlesque [ said Joshua ] was, perhaps, the greatest attempt at diversified execution, and elicited the highest commendations from the severest critics. At one time in Philadelphia, I was sitting by a friend, an opera-going gentleman of culture, who, after listening to the "burlesque" amid the vociferous applause of the immense audience, said to me, "That can't be beat."
It must be at about this time that Joshua connected with a nine-year-old boy in a Massachusetts orphanage. Possibly he sang there during this tour. Joshua and his wife Irene adopted the child, naming him Louis Kossuth Hutchinson after the public figure who was very much in the news in those days.
The trio went to Baltimore, where they found placards in the streets urging people not to let the Hutchinsons perform.
Citizens of Baltimore! are you willing to be insulted by a band of abolitionists, singing strains of fanaticism? Will you encourage such concerts by those whose efforts are directed against an institution guaranteed by the Constitution, and who have sought to overthrow this glorious Union?
The posters were dated March 6, and were signed, "Southern Rights." Certain key words were printed in "flaming large type."
The singers appealed to the mayor, who dispatched fifty police officers on the evening of the engagement. John said "the blue-coats awed the roughs so much that there was no disorder."
"You may judge whether the occasion and the audience": Joshua Hutchinson, "Cheering from the Battle-Ground," The Liberator, Boston, February 13, 1852, p. 3 col. 3.
If you can identify the poem that Joshua called John G. Whittier's "Dream" - with significant use of the word, treason - and you would be willing to share your information, please e-mail us by way of the contact link toward the bottom of the page.
"Joshua continued singing in Pennsylvania, making appearances": Joshua Hutchinson concert itinerary in Item 44v, Ludlow Patton's Hutchinson Family Scrapbook, Wadleigh Memorial Library, Milford, New Hampshire.
"We found Joshua there, giving concerts, and attended one": John W. Hutchinson (1896, 1:311).
"Judson's astonishing Italian burlesque [ said Joshua ]": Joshua Hutchinson, A Brief Narrative of the Hutchinson Family (Boston: Lee and Shepard, 1874), 37.
"Joshua and his wife Irene adopted the child, naming him": It has not been possible, unfortunately, to connect with a genealogist who specializes in Joshua Hutchinson's line, nor have any descendants of Louis Kossuth Hutchinson made contact here. This study has found one and only one couple that might have been his birth parents. If you are a Louis K. Hutchinson descendant or your research has concentrated on Joshua Hutchinson's family and you would like to compare notes, please e-mail us via the contact link toward the bottom of the page.
"Louis Kossuth" is a way Americans have often given the name of Lajos Kossuth.
"Citizens of Baltimore! are you willing to be insulted by a band": "The Hutchinsons Threatened with a Mob!" s.l.: s.n., n.d.
"John said the blue-coats awed the roughs so much that there was no": John W. Hutchinson (1896, 1:311).
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The Hutchinsons moved on to Washington and, as usual, visited the Capitol early and often. They attended one of the levees of President Fillmore.
The brothers returned through Harrisburg, where John was joined by his wife. While the group performed in Pennsylvania, Fanny sang with them frequently, making a quartet. After a stop in Pittsburgh, they made a swing through the Midwest. The singers visited New York City for social calls and shopping, and then went home.
The group had withstood Abby's retirement and the break with Jesse; but now, Judson announced his plan to stop singing with his brothers. He advertised a public auction for May 15, at which he intended to sell off his agricultural equipment, in preparation for settling on "a big farm in Illinois."
"While the group performed in Pennsylvania, Fanny sang with them": It wasn't until writing about this period that John W. Hutchinson (1896, 1:312) gave a solid sense of having accepted Abby's retirement from the vocal group. "My wife often sang with us," he explained, "making a quartet, as in the days when Abby sang." Yet the Hutchinson brothers had already tried to persuade soprano Mary White to fill in for their sister at least temporarily. See John W. Hutchinson (1896, 1:300-301). One might wonder whether, at this later time, John may have envisioned Fanny as a more permanent replacement for Abby.
In the summer of 1853, cousin Abby Marvell transformed the trio of brothers back into a quartet. See John W. Hutchinson (1896, 1:320). A little later still, Sarah Jane Hardy sang with the Hutchinsons, though we are not told explicitly that this was with Judson, John, and Asa. See "Mrs. Sarah J. Amsden, the singer,"
"He advertised a public auction for May 15, at which he intended to sell": "Will Be Sold at Public Auction," Milford, NH: s.n., May 5, 1852, in Item 49v, Ludlow Patton's Hutchinson Family Scrapbook, Wadleigh Memorial Library, Milford, New Hampshire.
Behold the day of promise comes, full of inspiration The blessed day by prophets sung for the healing of the nation Old midnight errors flee away, they soon will all be gone While heavenly angels seem to say the good time's coming on
The good time, the good time, the good time's coming on The good time, the good time, the good time's coming on |
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