Hutchinson Family Singers Web Site
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In December 1861, while singing with his family, John felt he had a call to go to Washington. He turned the team over to them and started on his way. He could be quite impulsive.
John quickly saw good opportunities for giving concerts. He sent for his children, and secured the vocal services of Frank Martin, a bass. Their engagements began around December 20.
On January 7, 1862, after a concert at Georgetown, the Hutchinsons were driven to a White House levee. President Lincoln recognized John and asked if he would stay, after the main crowd had gone, and sing for some specially invited guests. When their time came, the Hutchinsons sang a temperance song, "The War Drums Are Beating." Now, the key which was needed to unlock the White House piano could not be found. Then the piano proved to be out of tune. So when Lincoln requested "The Ship on Fire," John sent for his melodeon. The people who were crowded into the Red Parlor warmly applauded the group's efforts. "I was only a young girl at that time," said Viola, "but I shall never forget how the noble simplicity of Mr. Lincoln impressed me as he stood beside his dear wife, with his boy, Tad, directly in front of
"I was greatly favored by Mrs. Lincoln's graciousness, and kindliness of heart," said Viola, "in frequently sending (by the hand of her faithful tire woman, Elizabeth Keckley, a 'former slave' who enjoyed her confidence) bouquets to the little lady who had sung for them so sweetly."
Soon after arriving in Washington, John spoke with Chaplain Robert B. Yard of the 1st New Jersey Regiment about singing in the army camps. On January 14, John received a permit from Secretary of War Simon Cameron to pass within the main lines of the Army of the Potomac and sing to the soldiers.
On January 17, the Hutchinsons crossed a carefully guarded bridge over the Potomac into Virginia. That evening they gave the first concert of the series at the magnificent church on the elegant grounds of the Fairfax Seminary. "The First New Jersey Regiment," said John, "was to hear us on this first evening. Another New Jersey regiment had expected to hear us in the afternoon, and many of its members therefore came to the evening concert. The result was a very large crowd, soldiers sitting on the floor in the aisles, and standing in the rear of the pews and around the walls. It was an enthusiastic and largely sympathetic audience, and the programme went off splendidly, until we sung the famous hymn by John G.
"I was only a young girl at that time, said Viola": Viola Hutchinson Campbell, Memories of a Busy Life (Plymouth, Mass.: privately printed
"I was greatly favored by Mrs. Lincoln's graciousness": Viola Hutchinson Campbell, Memories of a Busy Life (Plymouth, Mass.: privately printed
The word, tire, as used here, is connected with the word, attire, and refers to clothing. Elizabeth Keckley was Mary Todd Lincoln's seamstress, as well as her personal friend.
"The First New Jersey Regiment, said John, was to hear us": John Wallace Hutchinson, Story of the Hutchinsons (Tribe of Jesse), 2 vols. (Boston: Lee and Shepard, 1896), 1:381-382).
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This "hymn" was, in fact, "The Furnace Blast."
What gives the wheat-fields blades of steel? What points the rebel cannon? What sets the roaring rabble's heel On the old star-spangled pennon? What breaks the oath Of the men of the South? What whets the knife For the Union's life? Hark to the answer: Slavery! |
"Of course," allowed John, "we were aware that the army of the Union did not entirely consist of Abolitionists." After this, the third verse,
a solitary hiss was heard, from a corner of the room. Major Hatfield, commanding the regiment, was seated in a front pew of the church, and immediately rose, and turning to the part of the room from whence the sign of disapprobation had proceeded, indignantly said that if the interruption was repeated the offender would be put out of the house. "If there is to be any putting out, you had better begin with me," retorted Surgeon Oakley of his own command, evidently the culprit. The major, to whom the surgeon had made threats of disturbance before the concert commenced, then said, "I can put you out - and if I cannot, I have a regiment that will!"
A period of confusion followed - something not entirely unknown at Hutchinson Family concerts. "We at once bethought ourselves of our old expedient," added John, "and soon the soldier boys were melted to tears by the beautiful song, 'No Tear in Heaven.'"
After the concert, when the Hutchinsons were in their lodgings, they could hear loud talking from the quarters nearby. Soon they were joined by General Birney and others who were in sympathy with them, and the vocalists sang their songs of freedom. "We felt that we had done nothing wrong," said John, "and our consciences were clear." Though the hour was late, the group sang as long as their listeners wished.
The next day, Chaplain Yard told the Hutchinsons that their singing had caused great excitement in the camp. He and John were called before General Philip Kearny, who scolded them.
"General," said John, "I have a permit from the Secretary of War to sing. We are no strangers to the soldiers, many thousands of whom know and have heard us - whatever the officers may think and feel on the subject."
"Of course, allowed John, we were aware that the army of the Union": John W. Hutchinson (1896, 1:382).
"After this, the third verse, a solitary hiss was heard": John W. Hutchinson (1896, 1:385).
John's company had been singing "The Furnace Blast" at least since Thanksgiving. Yet no earlier record of it causing a disturbance came to light in this study.
"We felt that we had done nothing wrong, said John": John W. Hutchinson (1896, 1:386).
"General, said John, I have a permit from the Secretary of War": John W. Hutchinson (1896, 1:386).
Page 3
"I rule supreme here," snapped General Kearny. "You are Abolitionists; I think as much of a Rebel as I do of an Abolitionist."
A little later, instructions came, by order of Brigadier General William B. Franklin, that copies of the songs sung by the Hutchinsons were to be sent to headquarters. John dutifully wrote out the lyrics to all the songs included in the concert. General Franklin asked Chaplain Yard to point out the objectionable piece. He read "The Furnace Blast," and then said, "I pronounce that incendiary; if these people are allowed to go on, they will demoralize the army."
"Late in the evening," said John, "General Franklin issued another order, evidently by instructions from General McClellan, who paused in his hot pursuit of means to carry out the country's mandate 'On to Richmond!' to consider our innocent exhibition of treasonable propensities." The Hutchinsons' pass to entertain the soldiers of the Army of the Potomac was rescinded.
Citing the late hour, John requested permission to stay in camp another day or two. "There is no objection to these people staying until Monday morning," answered General Franklin, "if they behave themselves properly."
On Sunday, Chaplain Yard got permission from General Kearny to use the chapel and bring in a choir. The "choir," it turned out, consisted of John, Henry, and Viola Hutchinson, with Frank Martin. "The request," said John, "was the result of an effort to give soldiers who had been disappointed a chance to hear us sing." That evening Chaplain James B. Merwin gave a temperance lecture and the Hutchinsons sang songs of similar character. "The next day," said John, "my daughter Viola received a twenty-dollar gold-piece sent her by the soldiers."
Back in Washington, John gave a copy of "The Furnace Blast" to Salmon P. Chase, who presented it at a meeting of the Lincoln cabinet. Sometime later, the two met at the Treasury Department.
I want to tell you [ said Chase with a smile ] that the poem was read at the cabinet meeting and they were all in your favor. Mr. Lincoln remarked that it was one of just the kind of songs he wanted the soldiers to hear. He also said you should have the right to go among any of the soldiers where you were invited to sing.
These times were strange, indeed. After returning to Washington from Alexandria, John's company sang for members of General McClellan's bodyguard, privately, at their invitation. They bought tickets to an upcoming concert, which they then attended at a nearby church. The Hutchinsons sang their antislavery sentiments at this show; but the pastor forbid them to use the building again, for fear that such songs might upset members of his congregation.
"I rule supreme here, snapped General Kearny. You are Abolitionists": John W. Hutchinson (1896, 1:386-387).
"A little later, instructions came, by order of Brigadier General": Joseph Cooke Jackson, January
"He read The Furnace Blast, and then said, I pronounce that incendiary": John W. Hutchinson (1896, 1:387).
"Late in the evening, said John, General Franklin issued": John W. Hutchinson (1896, 1:387).
"There is no objection to these people staying until Monday": Gen. William Buel Franklin to Gen. Philip Kearny, January 19, 1862, in John W. Hutchinson (1896, 1:389).
"The request, said John, was the result of an effort": John W. Hutchinson (1896, 1:389).
"I want to tell you [ said Chase with a smile ] that the poem was read": John W. Hutchinson (1896, 1:391).
Accounts differ about Lincoln's remarks. John's own tellings of the story even differed a good deal from one another. According to other versions of this tale, Lincoln simply said that the Hutchinson Family could sing anywhere they want. It is the account that most seems to have the ring of truth.
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The fact [ said John ] that it became difficult for us to get a place in which to sing won for us great sympathy from the colored people, who gave every possible evidence of their appreciation of our labors for twenty years in behalf of the enfranchisement of their race. When the doors of the white churches were closed against us, they offered us the use of their own houses of worship.
John was always delighted to be in Washington, but it was an exciting time for his children, too. Viola remembered:
The streets of Washington during this period were up to the hubs with yellow slush, impassable except for the army trucks, drawn by mules, - with much rattling of chains and leathers, and urgings by the negro drivers in no gentle tones. This was real war (after it got started) and no luxury for any one, but it was thrilling.
Asa's company was on tour, too. They were now a quintet, "Little Dennett" having joined the band. Their ads for an upcoming series of concerts in the New York area listed "The Furnace Blast" first, among their "new songs of Freedom and Fraternity, and the Flag of Our Union Forever." After entertainments in Brooklyn, Newark, and Dodworth's Hall in New York, Asa's company planned a concert at the Church of the Puritans. Evidently "The Furnace Blast" - "now interdicted on the Banks of the Potomac" - was the only song they needed to mention in their advertisements. Shows followed in New York, Williamsburgh, and other cities nearby.
Amidst this series of entertainments, the Hutchinsons sang at a lecture given by friend Frederick Douglass, in which he said that tens of thousands of American citizens were then taking their first lessons in antislavery. Later in the program, the Hutchinson Family "sang the song of John G. Whittier, 'pronounced incendiary by a Pro-Slavery General.' The audience applauded every verse as it was rendered with thrilling effect." The crowd responded further with calls for the John Brown song, "which was sung amid much applause."
Asa's concert programs went through a considerable change over the next several months. Not long after this time, "The Battle Cry of Freedom" began appearing often in advertising for his company. Though the Hutchinson Family did not compose, publish, or introduce this song, it was one of the greatest hits in their concerts; and they did much to popularize it.
The Union forever, hurrah boys, hurrah! |
"The fact [ said John ] that it became difficult for us to get a place": John W. Hutchinson (1896, 1:405). Cf. Viola Hutchinson Campbell, Memories of a Busy Life (Plymouth, Mass.: privately printed
"The streets of Washington during this period were up to the hubs": Viola Hutchinson Campbell, Memories of a Busy Life (Plymouth, Mass.: privately printed
A man who was known through his adult years as George Hutchinson but whose birth name was actually John Hutchinson thought he was a relative - possibly a close relative - of vocalist John W. Hutchinson, though no known evidence supports this belief. George's story, though, is so full of coincidences - some of them quite striking - that even the greatest doubters might start to wonder.
A Boston friend of George Hutchinson,
"Their ads for an upcoming series of concerts in the New York area": "The Hutchinson Family," New York Times, January 25, 1862, p. 7 col. 6.
It would not be hard to get a sense that the Hutchinsons pushed their children into becoming entertainers. But near the end of his life, in a letter to his daughter, Dennett made it clear that joining his parents' concert company was his idea. Source: Oliver Dennett Hutchinson to Elizabeth Hutchinson Fournie, Rugby, North Dakota, April 27, 1940.
"Evidently The Furnace Blast - now interdicted": "Church of the Puritans," New York Times, February 2, 1862, p. 6 col. 5.
"Shows followed in New York, Williamsburgh, and other cities nearby": During the next fifteen years, Asa's company gave a handful of concerts in neighboring communities; but it is puzzling that the Tribe of Asa did not perform again in New York City until 1877.
"Later in the program, the Hutchinson Family sang the song": "Fred. Douglass on the War," New York Times, February 13, 1862, p. 8 col. 4.
"Not long after this time, The Battle Cry of Freedom began appearing": Philip D. Jordan and Lillian Kessler, Songs of Yesterday: A Song Anthology of American Life (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, Doran and Co., 1941), 347; Sigmund Spaeth, A History of Popular Music in America (New York: Random House, 1948), 126-127.
George F. Root, "The Battle-Cry of Freedom: Song and Chorus," first line of text: "Yes we'll rally round the flag, boys, we'll rally once again," first line of chorus: "The Union forever, Hurrah, boys, hurrah! Down with the Traitor, Up with the Star" (Chicago: Root and Cady, 1862).
Thanks to Polly Carder who e-mailed us to say that George F. Root wrote two sets of lyrics for "The Battle Cry of Freedom." The first version was styled a "Rallying Song." He thought of his "Battle Song," the second version, as one to sing when going into battle. Source: E-mail messages, Polly Carder to Alan Lewis, September 5 and September 6, 2005.
Page 5
The Civil War was a terrible period in American history, tearing the country apart and taking huge numbers of young lives. Yet in some ways, this must have been a fantastic time to be Asa B. Hutchinson. He and his company were enjoying great success, and surely he could feel the glorious jubilee on its way. Asa could take much pride in having helped smooth the path for emancipation by singing antislavery to any and all audiences night after night.
John's company visited Philadelphia, where they opened a new hall and gave a series of concerts. As "The Furnace Blast" had been a much-anticipated song on Asa's programs in New York, so it was John's big number in Philadelphia.
Next they went to Boston for some engagements, but for another reason, as well. On Monday, February 17, 1862, Judson Whittier Hutchinson was born to John and Fanny. Judson's health was never good, but this would not stop John from pressing him into service from time to time as a singer.
Later, John's group started a tour leading to the town of Hutchinson. They went through Pittsburgh, then Ohio, Indiana, Wisconsin, and into Minnesota, giving concerts along the way. During August, they spent about a week in Hutchinson. The town seemed prosperous; yet evidently Brother John saw signs of Indian unrest, and he warned the townspeople of a possible attack.
About this time, Asa's company, too, was on its way to Hutchinson. They drove a carryall from Boston across the Northern states and into Canada, giving concerts at various stops along their route. This was a special tour for Dennett. He saw for the first time the town named after his family.
In the middle of August, fighting broke out in parts of Minnesota between the Sioux and the settlers. Battles took place near Yellow Medicine on the 18th and at New Ulm on the 21st and 23rd. Fighting followed at scattered locations; and early in September a band of Indians at Cedar City drove a company of volunteers toward Hutchinson. Nearby houses were destroyed; and then the town itself was burned on September 4, only a couple dwellings being spared. John and Asa and their families were in no danger, having gone back to singing well before this. Major General John Pope took command of the defense of the settlers, and the final battle took place at Wood Lake on the 22nd. Little Crow, the leader of the Minnesota Sioux, escaped - only to be killed on July 3, 1863.
"The attack upon Hutchinson," said John, "seriously retarded the growth of the town. Many went away, and when I chanced into the place some months later it seemed to me the property was practically worthless."
"Judson's health was never good, but this would not stop John": In their books, neither John nor Viola tells us much about Judson's health, except that it was frail.
"They drove a carryall from Boston across the Northern states": "O. D. Hutchinson, Pioneer, Is Dead," Minneapolis Tribune, October 5, 1940; "The Hutchinson Family: Great Successes at Windsor and Chatham,"
Various sources say that this trip from New England to Minnesota by carryall took place in 1862 when Dennett Hutchinson was 6. One problem with this is that Dennett was actually age 6 in 1863.
Available information does not make certain whether the concerts in Canada took place on the trip to or from Hutchinson.
"In the middle of August, fighting broke out in parts of Minnesota": John W. Hutchinson (1896, 1:348-352). Cf. "Little Crow's War" in Dee Brown, Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee: An Indian History of the American West, paperback (New York: Bantam, 1970), 37-65; David Herbert Donald, Lincoln (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1995), 392-395. See also the Little Crow V article in Dictionary of American Biography, 11:299-300.
"The attack upon Hutchinson, said John, seriously retarded the growth": John W. Hutchinson (1896, 1:353).
Page 6
"The Prohibited Song on the Potomac" was still a prominent part of Asa's concert programs; and by the time his family had returned to New England, they were singing another great new song. "Kingdom Coming" was written in dialect by Henry Clay Work. One feature that made it unlike the stereotypical minstrel tune is that the slaveholder is the comic character.
Say, darkeys, hab you seen de massa Wid de muff-stash on his face, Go long de road sometime dis mornin' Like he gwine to leab de place? He seen a smoke way up de ribber Whar de Linkum gum-boats lay. He took his hat, an' lef' berry sudden An' I spec he's run away!
De massa run? Ha, ha! De darkey stay? Ho, ho! It mus' be now de kingdom comin' An' de year ob Jubilo! |
"Kingdom Coming" became a regular part of the concert programs of Asa's company. Their tours through a broad geographic area, along with their frequent concert stops, must have contributed tremendously to the widespread popularity of this outstanding song.
On January 1, 1863, Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation, which declared an end to slavery in the sections of the country that were at war against the Union. John was in northern New York State at the time. More than forty years later, he wrote: "At last the sky was
During this time of jubilation the Hutchinson Family was paid many tributes. Brother Joshua wrote:
The congratulations that have come to my ears as a member of the family, in being the instruments of good in
We can only imagine Asa's sense of triumph, as he led his concert company from Pennsylvania and nearby parts of New Jersey on the leg of a tour that led to the city of Washington and back.
On Sunday, March 13, 1863, Jennie Lind Hutchinson, the youngest daughter of Judson and Jerusha, died of typhoid fever. We are told surprisingly little of her life, though we know she sang at times with her father's company. Jerusha sold her house not much later, perhaps to move into smaller quarters.
"Kingdom Coming was written in dialect by Henry Clay Work": "Kingdom Coming: Song and Chorus," music and lyrics: Henry C. Work," first line of text: "Say, darkeys, hab you seen de massa," first line of chorus: "De massa run? ha, ha" (Chicago: Root and Cady, 1862).
"On January 1, 1863, Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation": An event often noted by Lincoln scholars and students of the Civil War took place after Lincoln told his cabinet that he would issue an emancipation proclamation but before he announced this decision publicly. At that time, a delegation from among the Chicago clergy came to the White House to ask President Lincoln for a decree of emancipation. Lincoln chose his words with great care, such that he did not deny the possibility he might free the slaves while, at the same time, he did not let his decision to issue an emancipation proclamation be known before his chosen time. This was a significant test of the president's leadership style and abilities. It would interest most readers of this book that the Chicago delegation was led by committed abolitionist, Hutchinson Family friend, and Ludlow's brother, Rev. William Weston Patton.
"More than forty years later, he wrote: At last the sky was clear": John W. Hutchinson (1896, 1:415).
"The congratulations that have come to my ears as a member of the family": Joshua Hutchinson, A Brief Narrative of the Hutchinson Family (Boston: Lee and Shepard, 1874), 64.
"We can only imagine Asa's sense of triumph, as he led": No detailed list of Tribe of Asa concert stops is commonly known to exist at present. Oliver Dennett Hutchinson once said, in a letter, that the company spent much time in Washington, DC, during the war. Information about this trip from the Philadelphia area to Washington and back, which has been posted online only in the past few months, helps support his recollection.
"On Sunday, March 13, 1863, Jennie Lind Hutchinson, the youngest daughter": "Deaths," Amherst, NH, Farmers' Cabinet, April 9, 1863, p. 3 col. 3; Amherst, NH, Farmers' Cabinet, April 9, 1863, p. 2 col. 2.
Page 7
John's group began a series of concerts around New York. Advertisements for their Cooper Institute appearance on April 16, said:
Selections from the soul-stirring national airs, which they have sung with such unbounded applause at the President's levée, in the Hall of Congress, in the army, and all through the loyal States, will be produced in their very best style.
Then on Monday afternoon, April 20, 1863, an immense Union rally was held in and around Madison Square. John's family sang "The Battle Cry of Freedom" and "Glory Hallelujah" to an estimated crowd of
After the May anniversaries, illness struck.
The time came . . . in my experience [ said Viola ] when I contracted scarlet fever, which laid me low for some weeks at New Haven, Conn., and postponements had to be made. A doctor was called and left medicine which father threw out of the window, and my mother took the case in her own hands, using nothing but the water treatment, proper food, or no food, and I was again brought back to health, but I was quite a time
Fanny and the children went to Mont Vernon, New Hampshire.
Meanwhile, John traveled to Morristown, New Jersey, for a successful trial concert in partnership with harpist Jack Whitcomb. The two subsequently went to Boston and then to Portland, and proceeded up the line of the Maine Central Railroad, giving concerts at stops all along the way. "The young man would play the harp," said John, "and I played my violin, the programme of songs being thus pleasantly varied."
"John's group began a series of concerts around New York": A small but significant amount of Hutchinson Family concert-tour information has been posted in an online database in late 2006 or early 2007. The Tribe of Asa material covers the early months of 1863 and is helpful to say the least. The Tribe of John data is from the spring of 1864 and - miracle of miracles - it fills in a period that was nearly blank in the extremely lengthy and detailed timeline which is a major resource used in this study.
"Selections from the soul-stirring national airs, which they have sung": "The Hutchinson Family's Great National Concert," New York Times, April 16, 1863, p. 7 col. 4.
"The New York Times called this event the largest popular gathering": "League for the Union," New York Times, April 21, 1863, p. 1 cols. 1-6, p. 8 cols. 1-4. Reference to the Hutchinsons is on p. 8 col. 3.
Late sources reported that John sang at an even larger war rally at Union Square in New York City, following a call for more volunteer enlistments. E.g., "Bard of High Rock Dead," Boston Daily Globe, October 29, 1908, evening edition, p. 1 cols. 3-4, p. 5 cols. 2-3. If so, the bigger rally must have come later, since the New York Times judged the April 1863 gathering in Madison Square to be the largest such event up to that time.
"The time came in my experience [ said Viola ] when I contracted": Viola Hutchinson Campbell, Memories of a Busy Life (Plymouth, Mass.: privately printed
"The young man would play the harp, said John, and I played my violin": John W. Hutchinson (1896, 1:416).
Andrew Jackson Whitcomb was commonly called Jackson or Jack. Jack Whitcomb's brother and sister were violinists, and his father is said to have been an expert player of kettle drums. Harriet Marcy, who resided in the Hutchinson family homestead at the time the vocal group made its grand start, married Eben Whitcomb of this very same Whitcomb family. One might even wonder whether she was the young school teacher who introduced John Hutchinson to his future wife, Fanny B. Patch.
Behold the day of promise comes, full of inspiration The blessed day by prophets sung for the healing of the nation Old midnight errors flee away, they soon will all be gone While heavenly angels seem to say the good time's coming on
The good time, the good time, the good time's coming on The good time, the good time, the good time's coming on |
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