About
the reinforcement, it includes primary reinforcement or secondary reinforcement.
Primary reinforcement is the directly biological one to fulfill the basic needs
of organism, for example, food and water. Secondary reinforcement is the artificial
and arbitrary one, for example, prestige.
For
the schedules of reinforcement, there are continuous reinforcement and partial
reinforcement. Continuous reinforcement means that the reinforcement will be
presented every day and plays a limited role in our lives, for example, a breakfast
prepared by mother. Partial reinforcement means that the reinforcement will
be presented only in a particular time in a day, for example, a bell ring in
school.
Besides,
some are called ratio schedules and interval schedules. They can be fixed or
variable. Fixed-ratio schedule means the number of responses that has to be
made is fixed at a particular value. For example, every time I go to school,
my teacher will give me a pencil.
Variable-ratio
schedule means the organism is still reinforced only after making a certain
number of responses, but that number varies unpredictably. For example, the
gambling on Mark Six.
Fixed-interval
schedule means the organism is reinforced for its first response after a certain
time interval has elapsed. For example, the monthly salary pays to the workers.
Variable-interval
schedule means reinforcement still depends on a certain interval having elapsed.
For example, going to fish.