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ARROWHEAD Sagittaria latifolia

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Common Names: Duck Potato.  Wapato.

Habitat Wet sites, shallow water along lake and stream margins, marshes, and swamps. Its name comes from the typical arrow shape of the leaf.

Description Aquatic plant with a tall stalk rising from large basal leaves, with white flowers in whorls of three. Flowers are 2/3 inch wide with 3 white petals, 3 sepals; 7-10 stamens.

Leaves 2-16 inches long, arrow-shaped, varying from broad to narrow, unlobed to lobed with 2 long backward-projecting lobes.

Height 1-4 feet

Flowers July-September

This plant is closely related to the Water Plantain. There are several species that have arrow-shaped leaves, but the number of stamens and size of the petals is different. The plant grows in the mucky waters of lake and stream marshes. 

The roots are edible are often called watapo, wapati or "duck potatoes". Ducks, muskrats and beavers all eat these rooty tubers and store them in their homes for future use.
Wapato tubers, if left unwashed, will keep for several months. They are stored and cooked as needed by baking in hot ashes. The tubers provide an excellent source of carbohydrate. The journals of Lewis and Clark relate that their diet while traveling in Oregon was elk meat and wapato bulbs, purchased from the Indians.

Wapato resembles the potato in texture, but is sweeter in taste. Some native peoples would harvest wapato patches by clearing the area of competing growth to gain access to the tubers. Women would usually harvest in October and November. Since the tubers lay under water, the work was done by canoe, pulling the roots from a kneeling position. Women also wade in the water and dislodge the tubers with the toes. The tubers then float to the surface where they can be gathered.

Water birds like to harvest wapato also, but not all ducks. A two-inch tuber is a lot to swallow whole! Swans and larger ducks, like Canvasbacks, are known to seek them out. Other ducks may take them if they are not too big. Muskrats and Beavers relish "duck potatoes" and will store them in piles called middens to eat later on.
August is a great time to see Arrowhead in bloom. Just put on your boots and head for the nearest lake or stream. Look for this plant along the water's edge and in shallow areas where the bottom is muddy. If you are hungry for "duck potatoes", they won't be at their best until fall, so wait until then to harvest any. But if you do, be sure to leave some for the ducks.

FNative/Medicinal Use of Arrowhead

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