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FNative/Medicinal
Use of Arrowhead |
ARROWHEAD
Sagittaria latifolia
FNative
Use
Common
Names: Duck Potato. Wapato.
Habitat
Wet sites, shallow water along lake and
stream margins, marshes, and swamps. Its
name comes from the typical arrow shape of
the leaf.
Description
Aquatic plant with a tall stalk
rising from large basal leaves, with white
flowers in whorls of three. Flowers are
2/3 inch wide with 3 white petals, 3
sepals; 7-10 stamens.
Leaves
2-16 inches long, arrow-shaped,
varying from broad to narrow, unlobed to
lobed with 2 long backward-projecting
lobes.
Height
1-4 feet
Flowers
July-September
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This
plant is closely related to the
Water Plantain. There are
several species that have
arrow-shaped leaves, but the
number of stamens and size of
the petals is different. The
plant grows in the mucky waters
of lake and stream marshes. |
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The
roots are edible are often
called watapo, wapati or
"duck potatoes".
Ducks, muskrats and beavers all
eat these rooty tubers and store
them in their homes for future
use. |
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Wapato
tubers, if left unwashed, will
keep for several months. They
are stored and cooked as needed
by baking in hot ashes. The
tubers provide an excellent
source of carbohydrate. The
journals of Lewis and Clark
relate that their diet while
traveling in Oregon was elk meat
and wapato bulbs, purchased from
the Indians.
Wapato
resembles the potato in texture,
but is sweeter in taste. Some
native peoples would harvest
wapato patches by clearing the
area of competing growth to gain
access to the tubers. Women
would usually harvest in October
and November. Since the tubers
lay under water, the work was
done by canoe, pulling the roots
from a kneeling position. Women
also wade in the water and
dislodge the tubers with the
toes. The tubers then float to
the surface where they can be
gathered.
Water
birds like to harvest
wapato also, but not
all ducks. A two-inch
tuber is a lot to
swallow whole! Swans
and larger ducks, like
Canvasbacks, are known
to seek them out.
Other ducks may take
them if they are not
too big. Muskrats and
Beavers relish
"duck
potatoes" and
will store them in
piles called middens
to eat later on. |
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August
is a great time to see
Arrowhead in bloom.
Just put on your boots
and head for the
nearest lake or
stream. Look for this
plant along the
water's edge and in
shallow areas where
the bottom is muddy.
If you are hungry for
"duck
potatoes", they
won't be at their best
until fall, so wait
until then to harvest
any. But if you do, be
sure to leave some for
the ducks.
FNative/Medicinal
Use of Arrowhead
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