PROTEINS

Proteins- compounds made of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen and NITROGEN (N)

Proteins are made of AMINO ACIDS.

STRUCTURE OF AN AMINO ACID:

Carboxyl group

Amino group

Side chain

R represents a side chain. A side chain can be different things. Each difference makes a different amino acid.

HOW A PROTEIN IS MADE:

Dehydration Synthesis- the combining of small molecules to form a large molecule by the removal of water in the presence of enzymes.

2 amino acids can be bonded together by dehydration synthesis. The bond forms between the amino group of one and the carboxyl group of the other. The bond formed between the 2 amino acids is called a peptide bond. The resulting molecule is called a dipeptide.

*note the dotted line is the peptide bond in the picture...

HOW TO BREAK APART A PROTEIN:

Hydrolysis- the breaking down of large molecules into smaller molecules by adding water and enzymes