According to Plato the great catastrophe when Atlantis sank, or rather the war between the Athenians and the Atlanteans, occurred 9000 years before his time. Practically all later authors on the Atlantis subject have accepted this date referring to a 12 months year. This would imply that Atlantis sank beneath the sea-surface contemporary with the end of the Great Ice Age, or 11,000 years ago. The oceanographic evidence of sediment deposits taken by Mr. Piggot across the Faraday Hills implies on the other hand that the Mid Atlantic Ridge, that is the Atlantis Continent, remained above water -level many thousands of years after the end of the Ice Age. It is almost certain that that first sank the northern part of this Mid-Atlantic Ridge, viz. The low and narrow now submarine range connecting Iceland proper with its also narrow and almost as low continuation, the Faraday Hills, and then followed the Faraday Hills. Only after that sank also the Atlantis mainland. When the Gulf Stream could cross this ridge south of Iceland and penetrate far north into the Arctic Ocean, the climate became warmer in Europe and probably also in the entire Northern Hemisphere during the so-called Climatic Optimum. The beginning of this Climatic Optimum has been dated to 5,000 B.C."(Webmaster note-Note that this is the date range of the potential Cuba underwater monument find where the glacial ice was adding to the ocean's already growing water level for 30,000 years from the three ice ages now and finally completing at 5,000 BC, did the Gulf Stream also break through at near this time?) "If the statement of Plato that Atlantis sank 9,000 years before his time referred to 12 months years, then the Atlantis mainland would have sunken thousands of years before the Faraday Hills, which is utterly improbable. The Canary Current would in such a case have come into existence already 11,000 years ago. Libya would have been a desert from that time on, and with a minimum of inhabitants. At the time of Ramses II Egypt would hardly have needed to fear the scarce inhabitants of the desert. The Egyptian documents on the walls of the temple at Medinet Habu states on the other hand that extreme droughts had occurred in Libya some years prior to the battle 1195 B.C., viz. About 1,200 B.C.. The same document state that the attacking Sea-People came from the Islands in the sea and "their land was destroyed". (Webmasters note- some have claimed it referred to Crete's Santorini Island but mind you why would they refer to something that was recent when it occurred in Santorini about 200 to 400 years before this battle as pertinent in a sense out of place and out of time historically, thus it may refer to the vestiges of somewhere else?) "The warriors of this sea-people were accompanied by German tribes from the North Europe. If they did not come from the Mid Atlantic Ridge, then it must have been either from the British Isles (Webmaster note- or Brittany) or from Scandinavia, none of which lands were destroyed. The low Dogger Bank territory is generally supposed to have been Inundated or sunken at an earlier date, and none of these places did elephants and cocoa-trees occur. (Webmaster note-However, they did discover that at 6,000 B.C. palm trees on a limited scale grew in the Baltic Sea similar to some types found in South Carolina today, because of the Post Glacial warming was frequent enough via warmer water currents of that time.) "The finds of bronze implements, imported to the country round the mouth of the River Elbe and to Scandinavia cannot have originated from Cornwall, where bronze finds are much rarer, but only from a now disappeared land. Many more objections could be raised against the date of 9,000 solar years before the date 1200 BC. Plato referred accordingly most probably to Greek Lunar years, which are almost equal to months. The old Swedish scientist Olof Rudbeck advanced in 1679-1702 in his "Atland or manheim" the possibility Plato used Egyptian Lunar years, a suggestion taken up by the Rev. Jurgen Spanuth 1953 (Das Entratzelte Atlantis). Against this Zhirov (1964, p. 367) in his Russian "Atlantida" points out that the lunar calendar was introduced to Egypt by the Arabs in 641 AD and that the old egyptian calendar based on the first appearance of the star Sirius, named Sothis by them. A Sothis Cycle was equal to 1460 solar years, but even this Sothis Cycle was ultimately based on the Old Assyrian lunar year. This Assyrian Lunar calendar was used by all the Mediterranean cultural peoples of ancient times including the Greeks. In the 6^th century BC the Greek Kleistratos improved the old lunar calendar and introduced the 8 years lunar cycle Octaeteris. In 432 BC Meton introduced to Greece a further improved lunar cycle named after Meton and based on 19 lunar years and 7 leap years. Both at the times of Solon and of the Platon the Greek used accordingly Lunar years and there is no valid reason Platon should have used solar years in his tale. Regarding the names used in his Tales Plato says: "Solon, ….made an investigation into the meaning of names, and found that the early egyptians, in writing them down, had translated them into their own language, and he recovered the meaning of the several names and retranslated them, and copied them out again in our language." Plato apparently did the same with the Sotheris years and translated them into Greek Lunar years. "

An essential preamble towards the understanding of the Atlantis question is a realization of the nature of the forces, which may have been involved in the catastrophe. The amount of energy involved in the sinking of a continent is pretty large by terrestrial if not by cosmic standards. By BC 10,000 the approximate date of the submersion the Earth was already in its middle age and no longer possessed that flexibility which had permitted the emergence of the great continents and the building of the mountain chains of past eras. Hence any form of major occurrence would have to be of external origin as geologists are pretty certain that nothing of an internal nature has occurred since that date. The acceptance of the theory of meteor craters is extremely recent, and may be said to have started off in 1900 when D. M. Barringer while prospecting in Arizona came across the enormous crater at Coon Butte, Arizona, which is nearly a mile across, and which is over 600 feet in depth. He was firmly convinced that it had been a giant meteorite, but it was thirty years later before his hypothesis gained even limited acceptance. In 1913 Hans Hoerbiger, the Austrian engineer, published his theory of Cosmic origins, in which he stated that the Earth had in its history captured several small planets or asteroids, all of which had crashed down on to the surface, causing vast upheavels. In his work he referred several times to F.R. Mounton, the astronomer who was to prove that Barringer Crater was of meteoric origin, but not until fifteen years later, in 1929.

It has been calculated that the force of the impact of the Barringer meteor was 9.44x 10 to the 22^nd Ergs about the same as a 2.3 Megaton A bomb. Despite all this no real progress was made, apart from finding of the Henbury and associated craters in Australia in 1931. The real impetus came after the end of the second World War, and was set off when a prospector named Chubb saw a photograph taken by the Royal Canadian Air Force in 1942 which showed a completely circular lake of 3.5 klm in diameter. He persuaded a friend to fly him up there and since then the site has been known as Chubb Crater. It lies in Ungava, a portion of Quebec at the Southern end of the Hudson Bay. Linked with it are a whole series of meteor Craters with the diameters ranging from the 60 klm of Manicougon, the 32 klm of carswell Lake the 32 klm and 21 klm of the Clearwater Lakes, the 14 klm of Couture Lake, the same size as Chubb. They all seem to have occurred at the same time, and it has been suggested that the Nastapoke-Belcher Islands Arc of Hudson Bay, the Ungava Bay, and the Gulf of the Saint Lawerance River, were all formed at the same time. It is even hinted that Hudson Bay itself may have been that of two hundred million megaton A bombs, which is just what one would expect from a small planetoid. The largest crater so far officially recorded is in South Africa. It is the Vredefort Ring which has a diameter of 130 klm, which would have been 4x10 to the 29^th Ergs to rpoduce. To my mind this may have been associated with the occurance of Diamonds in South Africa as it is only by means of some enormous impact that the necessary pressure could have been produced. Associated with this crater are the Campo del Cielo Craters in the Argentine and adjoining countries. They constitue a group of nine, in two parallel strips, and it is assumed that the asteroid or planetoid which produced them must have been in orbit round the world,as the second group were produced on another circuit. The crater lips of Samborombom Bay, the Gulf of St. George, and the Terra del Fuego bay opposite the Falkland Islands all may have occurred at the same time. The Falkland Islands themselves are probably the remains of the hump or pinta left at the center of that particular impact. Modern comparable occurances are few. The Krakatoa volcanic explosion of 1883 killed 36,000 people, wrecked 5,000 ships, and devastated 163 towns only needed a force of 7.2 x 10 to the 22^nd Ergs, the Mont Pelee eruption of 1901 which desitated Martinique was only of local import, and the Tunguskaya Meteorite of 1908, which killed everything within a range of 30 klm and was seen in Britain, 10,000 klm away, had the force of between 2x10 to the 21^st power and 3.2 x 10 to the 24^th Ergs. There are two giant meteorites of the past which are being commercially exploited at the present time. They are the great nickel mine at Sudbury Ontario, and the ironmine at Narvik in Norway. This latter mass of magnetic iron was so famous that was mapped in 1058 by Raysch. One presumes they were the hard metal cores of asteroids which were too solid to break up and which just imbedded themselves in the ground. The causes of the Atlantis catastrophe would probably have been nearer at hand than any of the craters mentioned above. But in the Caribbean area Bermuda seems to have been the central hump of a large crater extending to the Southern Florida Coast with associated craters producing the Gulf of Campeche, the Lesser Antilles Basin, and Mosquito Gulf. The minimum force required here for the Bermuda strike would have been around that of two hundred million megaton A bombs, about the same as that needed to produce Hudson Bay. The result would have been catastrophic and adequate to sink Atlantis and to produced all the frightening phenomena recorded in the legends from that time. As to its probability Dr. Robert Dietz stated the other day that the earth is struck on an average once in 10,000 years by a planetoid. As the time is now 2,000 years over due the assumption of Professor S. T. Butler of Sidney University that there was a possibility that a minor planetoid Ikarus, will pass the Earth on the 15^th of June, 1968 at a distance estimated at four million miles, but that if there was the slightest variation in the calculated orbit the force of terrestrial gravity might cause it to fall on the Earth. The impact would equal that of the Bermuda strike or the Hudson Bay one. The results should be extremely interesting.

Referances -G. Hinzpeter 'The Campo del Ciely Meteorites', and E. Sykes 'The Kaalisarv Craters'.

Webmasters Note- Now in light of all the Discovery Channel programs and Professor excursions you can see that the subject was talked about and explored back to 1960's especially this above report in 1967. It should be only right for those programs to give credit to E. Sykes for his advanced speculations since he was a follower of Hoerbiger Theories which have become more real today then they did in 1913 as extremely plausible theories. It should be noted that yes, " an engineer can be right about parts of the earth's history" before Geologists and astronomers ever agreed in the past with him or explored its potential scientific impact on recent theories from his earlier theories. As you know they did not believe in craters being formed by huge asteroids on earth till after the early 1920's strange it took that long when the ancients had stories of falling rocks as giants described????? So, the next time you see program about this stuff mentioned know that it is probably 30 year old stuff because it was already called before the modern speculation. I know the truth is sometimes hard to swallow for some who thought they had it first i.e. the idea of it. In other words here is Her Story, not His-story.

"As all should know, I did write all of this information on this entire site for your children's children, not for fame, as far as Egerton would have wanted this to be so" Sinc. D.Clarke BLS BGSU your Webmaster and your broadcaster of the other side of the story. And yes I have been in Radio work to.