Neander97 / Historical Trivia: The mechanical principles underlying the working of a water-powered mill are, from the hindsight of the 20th century, quite simple. Whether undershot or overshot, the water propels the wheel, which transfers the water's power to the drive-shaft, which turns the millstones. Of course, waterwheels were employed to do more than mill grain, by the 10th century C.E. waterwheels were supplying power for bellows and trip hammers and soon after were powering wood saws and metal lathes. The following is a bibliography of readings dealing with mills & etc.

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Waterwheels and Mills: A Select Bibliography

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Abbott, John. EXPOSITION OF THE PRINCIPLES OF ABBOTT'S HYDRAULIC ENGINE: WITH TABLES AND ENGRAVINGS, TOGETHER WITH AN ILLUSTRATION OF THE POWER OF WHEELS HERETOFORE USED (Boston, MA: S.R. Hart, 1835).

Abner Doble Company. TANGENTIAL WATER WHEELS (San Francisco: Abner Doble Company, 1904). Manufacturer’s Catalog.

American Water Wheel Company. MANUFACTURERS OF WARREN'S TURBINE WATER WHEEL: IMPROVED AND PATENTED BY A. WARREN AND E. DAMON. . . . (Boston, MA: American Water Wheel Company, [1861?). Manufacturer’s Catalog.

Astill, Grenville G, et al. MEDIEVAL INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX AND ITS LANDSCAPE: THE METALWORKING WATERMILLS AND WORKSHOPS OF BORDESLEY ABBEY (York, UK: Council for British Archeology, 1993).

Baker's Falls Iron Machine Works. ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE AND PRICE LIST OF WAIT'S HUDSON RIVER CHAMPION TURBINE AND IMPROVED JONVAL TURBINE WATER WHEELS: MANUFACTURED AT THE BAKER'S FALLS IRON MACHINE WORKS. . . ., revised (New York: Holt Brothers, Printers, 1869). Manufacturer’s Catalog.

Balch, Leland Rella. "A test of an eight foot flash wheel," BULLETIN OF THE UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN. No. 598, ENGINEERING SERIES, V. 7, No. 2 (Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin 1913), 51 pages.

Banks, John, fl. 1795. A TREATISE ON MILLS, IN FOUR PARTS. PART FIRST, ON CIRCULAR MOTION. PART SECOND, ON THE MAXIMUM OF MOVING BODIES, MACHINES, ENGINES, &C. PART THIRD, ON THE VELOCITY OF EFFLUENT WATER. PART FOURTH, EXPERIMENTS ON CIRCULAR MOTION, WATER-WHEELS, &C. (London: W. Richardson, 1795).

Batson, Mann. WATER-POWERED GRISTMILLS AND OWNERS, UPPER PART OF GREENVILLE COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (Travelers Rest, SC: M. Batson, 1996).

Beenhakker, AJ. WINDMILLS AND WATERMILLS IN ICELAND (Reading: International Molinological Society, 1976).

Benney, Dennis Edward. AN INTRODUCTION TO CORNISH WATERMILLS (Truro, UK: Barton, 1972).

Bloomfield, GT, and Elizabeth Bloomfield. WATER WHEELS AND STEAM ENGINES: POWERED ESTABLISHMENTS OF ONTARIO (Guelph, Ont: Dept. of Geography, University of Guelph, 1989).

Brittain, Robert Edward. RIVERS, MAN, AND MYTHS; FROM FISH SPEARS TO WATER MILLS (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1958).

Bryan, Anthony. FRANCIS FRITH'S WINDMILLS & WATERMILLS (Salisbury, Wiltshire, UK: Frith Book Co., 2000).

Buchanan, Robertson. PRACTICAL ESSAYS ON MILL WORK AND OTHER MACHINERY, THE 2D EDITION, CORRECTED, WITH NOTES AND ADDITIONAL ARTICLES, CONTAINING NEW RESEARCHES ON VARIOUS MECHANICAL SUBJECTS, BY THOMAS TREDGOLD. . . . (London, Printed for J. Taylor, 1823).

Buecker, Thomas R. WATER POWERED FLOUR MILLS IN NEBRASKA (Lincoln, NE: Nebraska State Historical Society, c1983).

Carter, Jane Levis. THE PAPER MAKERS: EARLY PENNSYLVANIANS AND THEIR WATER MILLS (Kennett Square, PA: KNA Press, 1982).

Chatley, Herbert. HOW TO USE WATER POWER (Manchester, Technical Publishing Co. / New York: Van Nostrand, 1907).

Craik, David. THE PRACTICAL AMERICAN MILLWRIGHT AND MILLER (Philadelphia, H. C. Baird, 1870).

Derbec, Etienne. NEW HYDRAULIC POWER; INCONVENIENCES OF EXISTING AND OLDTIME MOTOR WHEELS; PRODUCTION OF NEW PATENT WHEELS AND A NEW SYSTEM WHICH WILL MULTIPLY A HUNDRED-FOLD THE INITIAL MOTIVE POWER WITH THE SAME QUANTITY OF WATER (San Francisco: The Bancroft Company, 1889).

Emerson, James. TREATISE RELATIVE TO THE TESTING OF WATER-WHEELS AND MACHINERY, ALSO OF INVENTIONS, STUDIES, AND EXPERIMENTS, WITH SUGGESTIONS FROM A LIFE'S EXPERIENCE, 4th edition ([Willimansett?, MA: 1892).

Evans, Oliver. THE YOUNG MILL-WRIGHT & MILLER'S GUIDE: IN FIVE PARTS, EMBELLISHED WITH TWENTY FIVE PLATES. . . . (Philadelphia: Printed for, and sold by the author ..., 1795).

Fox, William. THE MILL (Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, c1976).

Franklin institute, Philadelphia. REPORT ON WATER POWER (Philadelphia, The Institute?, 1831?).

Garber, D. W. WATERWHEELS AND MILLSTONES: A HISTORY OF OHIO GRISTMILLS AND MILLING (Columbus: Ohio Historical Society, c1970).

Gauldie, Enid. THE SCOTTISH COUNTRY MILLER 1700-1900: A HISTORY OF WATER-POWERED MEAL MILLING IN SCOTLAND (Edinburgh: J. Donald, c1981).

Gies, Frances. CATHEDRAL, FORGE, AND WATERWHEEL: TECHNOLOGY AND INVENTION IN THE MIDDLE AGES (New York: HarperCollins Publishers, c1994).

Gilbert, Dave. WHERE INDUSTRY FAILED: WATER-POWERED MILLS AT HARPERS FERRY, WEST VIRGINIA (Charleston, WV: Pictorial Histories Pub. Co., c1984).

Haines, Tom. FLOURING MILLS OF MONTANA TERRITORY (Missoula, MT?: Friends of the University of Montana Library, c1984).

Hamper, Stan. WATERPOWERED MILLS IN CASS COUNTY, 1820'S-1920'S (Decatur, MI: Published by Invictus, c1993). Michigan.

Holt, Richard. THE MILLS OF MEDIEVAL ENGLAND (Oxford, UK / New York, NY: B. Blackwell, 1988).

Huls, Mary Ellen. WATER MILLS: A BIBLIOGRAPHY (Monticello, IL: Vance Bibliographies, 1986).

International Correspondence Schools, Scranton, PA. WATER WHEELS (Scranton: The Colliery Engineer Co., c1898).

International Molinological Society. TRANSACTIONS OF THE 4TH SYMPOSIUM [OF] THE INTERNATIONAL MOLINOLOGICAL SOCIETY, MATLOCK, ENGLAND, 1-8 SEPTEMBER 1977, Kenneth Major, et al. editors (London: Wind and Watermill Section, Society for the Protection of Ancient Buildings for the International Molinological Society, 1978).

Janzen, Donald E. THE SHAKER MILLS ON SHAWNEE RUN: HISTORICAL ARCHAEOLOGY AT SHAKERTOWN AT PLEASANT HILL, MERCER COUNTY, KENTUCKY: REPORT OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS, 1975-1978 (Harrodsburg, KY: Pleasant Hill Press, c1981).

Jespersen, Anders Transe. A PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE GEARING IN WATERMILLS IN WESTERN EUROPE (Virum, Denmark, 1953).

Jolliffe, Annie. WATER, WIND & WHEELS (New York: Hawthorn Books, c1965)

Joshi, Chandra Bahadur. SAMPLE SURVEY OF TRADITIONAL WATER WHEELS AND SMALL WATER TURBINES IN NEPAL (Kathmandu, Nepal: Research Centre for Applied Science and Technology, Turbhuvan University, Kirtipur, 1982).

Kearfott, Clarence Baker. HIGHLAND MILLS (New York: Vantage Press, 1970). Water mills - - Appalachian Region.

Keough, Jean Schutz. WATER, WHEELS, AND STONE: HERITAGE OF THE LITTLE VILLAGE BY THE CREEK, JAMESVILLE, NEW YORK (Camillus, NY: B & C Offset Print., 1976).

Kline, Omer U., O.S.B. THE SAINT VINCENT ARCHABBEY GRISTMILL AND BREWERY, 1854-2000: AN HISTORICAL NARRATAIVE (Latrobe, PA: Saint Vincent Archabbey, 2000).

Knight and Company (Sutter Creek, CA). CATALOGUE OF WATER WHEELS AND HYDRAULIC APPLIANCES, MANUFACTURED BY KNIGHT & CO., SUTTER CREEK, AMADOR COUNTY, CAL. U.S.A; EDWARD A. RIX & CO., SOLE AGENTS (San Francisco, CA: [s.n.], 1886). Manufacturer’s Catalog.

Larkin, David. MILL: THE HISTORY AND FUTURE OF NATURALLY POWERED BUILDINGS (New York: Universe, 2000).

Leffel, J., & Co. LEFFEL'S CONSTRUCTION OF MILL DAMS, AND BOOKWALTER'S MILLWRIGHT AND MECHANIC (Springfield, OH: J. Leffel & Co., 1881).

Leffel, J., & Co. NEW PAMPHLET OF THE JAMES LEFFEL WATER WHEELS, STANDARD CASCADE AND REDUCED ([Springfield, OH: 1896).

Llewellyn, Charles. THE MILL'S LIFE: FROM THE DOMESDAY BOOK TO THE MILLENNIUM (New York: Robson Books/Parkwest, 1998).

LONG ISLAND WIND AND TIDE MILLS: AN INTERIM REPORT OF A STUDY / CONDUCTED BY THE HISTORIC AMERICAN ENGINEERING RECORD AND THE SOCIETY FOR THE PRESERVATION OF LONG ISLAND ANTIQUITIES (Washington, DC?: Historic American Engineering Record, Office of Archeology and Historic Preservation, National Park Service, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, 1976).

Lord, Arthur C. WATER-POWERED GRIST MILLS, LANCASTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA (Millersville, PA?: A.C. Lord, 1996).

Lord, Philip L, et al. MILLS ON THE TSATSAWASSA: A GUIDE FOR LOCAL HISTORIANS / TEXT, LAYOUT, AND DESIGN (Albany, NY: University of the State of New York, State Education Dept., Division of Historical and Anthropological Services, 1983).

Luckhurst, David. MONASTIC WATERMILLS: A STUDY OF THE MILLS WITHIN ENGLISH MONASTIC PRECINCTS (London: Society for the Protection of Ancient Buildings, 1964).

Macgregor, James, Jr. MECHANIC'S GUIDE FOR CONSTRUCTING BELTING, PULLEYS, CONE-PULLEYS AND WATER WHEELS, ETC. ALSO FOR COMPUTING THE POWER OF WATER WHEELS AND HIGH-PRESSURE STEAM ENGINES (Washington: Printed by J. T. Towers, 1846).

McGuigan, Dermot. SMALL SCALE WATER POWER (Dorchester, UK: Prism Press, 1978).

Mead, Daniel Webster. "The Relations Of Experimental Results To The Theory Of The Tangenital Water Wheel," BULLETIN OF THE UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN; ENGINEERING SERIES; V. 5, No. 6 (Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin 1909), 104 pages.

Messent, Claude John Wilson. THE OLD WATER MILLS OF NORFOLK, BY CLAUDE J. W. MESSENT: WITH 60 PEN AND INK ILLUSTRATIONS BY THE AUTHOR (Norwich, UK: Fletcher & Son Ltd., 1939).

Minchinton, Walter E and John Perkins. TIDEMILLS OF DEVON & CORNWALL (Exeter, UK: Exeter Industrial Archaeology Group, 1971).

Moffett, Lee. WATER POWERED MILLS OF FAUQUIER COUNTY, VIRGINIA (Berryville, VA: Virginia Book Co., 1980?).

Moog, Berthold. THE HORIZONTAL WATERMILL: HISTORY AND TECHNIQUE OF THE FIRST PRIME MOVER (Sprang Capelle, The Netherlands: International Molinological Society, 1994).

Pelton Water Wheel Company. THE PELTON WATER WHEEL: EMBRACING IN ITS VARIATIONS OF CONSTRUCTION AND APPLICATION THE PELTON SYSTEM OF POWER . . . MANUFACTURED ONLY BY THE PELTON WATER WHEEL COMPANY, 6th edition (San Francisco: the Pelton Water Wheel Company, 1895). Manufacturer’s Catalog.

Priamo, Carol. MILLS OF CANADA (Toronto / New York: McGraw-Hill Ryerson, c1976).

Reynolds, John. WINDMILLS & WATERMILLS (New York: Praeger, 1970).

Reynolds, Terry S. STRONGER THAN A HUNDRED MEN: A HISTORY OF THE VERTICAL WATER WHEEL (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, c1983).

Richardson, Adele. HISTORIC MILLS (Mankato, MN: Creative Education, 2000).

Rühlmann, Moritz. ON HORIZONTAL WATER-SHEELS, ESPECIALLY TURBINES OR WHIRL-WHEELS: THEIR HISTORY, CONSTRUCTION, AND THEORY (Dublin: Printed for Hodges and Smith, 1846).

Schiøler, Thorkild. ROMAN AND ISLAMIC WATER-LIFTING WHEELS, translation from Danish by Pauline M. Katborg (Odense, Odense Universitetsforlag, 1973).

Smeaton, John, 1724-1792. AN EXPERIMENTAL ENQUIRY CONCERNING THE NATURAL POWERS OF WATER AND WIND TO TURN MILLS (London: 1760).

Smeaton, John, 1724-1792. EXPERIMENTAL ENQUIRY CONCERNING THE NATURAL POWERS OF WIND AND WATER TO TURN MILLS AND OTHER MACHINES DEPENDING ON A CIRCULAR MOTION. AND AN EXPERIMENTAL EXAMINATION OF THE QUANTITY AND PROPORTION OF MECHANIC POWER NECESSARY TO BE EMPLOYED IN GIVING DIFFERENT DEGREES OF VELOCITY TO HEAVY BODIES FROM A STATE OF REST. ALSO NEW FUNDAMENTAL EXPERIMENTS UPON THE COLLISION OF BODIES. WITH FIVE PLATES OF MACHINES. . . ., 2d edition (London: Printed for I. and J. Taylor, 1796).

Society for the Preservation of Old Mills. FITZ STEEL OVERSHOOT WATER WHEELS (Folkstone, CT: Society for the Preservation of Old Mills, 1987). Reprint. Originally published: Hanover, PA: Fitz Water Wheel Co., c1928. (Bulletin / Fitz Water Wheel Co.; no. 70).

Somervell, John. WATER-POWER MILLS OF SOUTH WESTMORLAND, ON THE KENT, BELA AND GILPIN AND THEIR TRIBUTARIES (Kendal, UK: T. Wilson & Son, 1930).

Suggs, George G. WATER MILLS OF THE MISSOURI OZARKS, with paintings and illustrations by Jake K. Wells, (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, c1990).

Syson, Leslie. BRITISH WATER-MILLS (London: B.T. Batsford, 1965).

Syson, Leslie. THE WATERMILLS OF BRITAIN (Newton Abbot: David & Charles, c1980).

United States, Federal Trade Commission. ENGINE, TURBINE, WATER WHEEL AND WINDMILL MANUFACTURING CORPORATIONS (Washington: 1941).

VICTORIAN AND EDWARDIAN WINDMILLS AND WATERMILLS FROM OLD PHOTOGRAPHS, introduction and commentaries by J. Kenneth Major and Martin Watts (London: Batsford, 1977).

Vierling, Philip E. EARLY WATER POWERED MILLS OF THE DES PLAINES RIVER AND ITS TRIBUTARIES, ILLINOIS (Chicago, IL: Illinois Country Outdoor Guides, c1995).

Vince, John Norman Thatcher. DISCOVERING WATERMILLS (Tring, UK: Shire Publications, 1970).

Volunteers in Technical Assistance (VITA). OVERSHOT WATER-WHEEL: A DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION MANUAL (Arlington, VA: VITA, c1980).

Wailes, Rex. A SOURCE BOOK OF WINDMILLS AND WATERMILLS (London: Ward Lock, 1979).

Walton, James. WATER-MILLS, WINDMILLS AND HORSE-MILLS OF SOUTH AFRICA (Cape Town: C. Struik, 1974).

Warren, George M. "Farm Water Power," FARMERS' BULLETIN: UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE; No. 1658 (Washington, DC: USDA, 1931). 22 pages.

Weidner, Carl Robert. "Theory And Test Of An Overshot Water Wheel," BULLETIN OF THE UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN. No. 529, ENGINEERING SERIES; V. 7, No. 2 (Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin 1913), pp. 119-252.

Weiss, Harry B, et al. THE EARLY GRIST AND FLOURING MILLS OF NEW JERSEY (Trenton: New Jersey Agricultural Society, 1956).

Woodall, Frank Donald. STEAM ENGINES AND WATERWHEELS: A PICTORIAL STUDY OF SOME EARLY MINING MACHINES (Buxton, UK: Moorland Publishing Co., 1975).

Woods, Michael, and Mary B. Woods. ANCIENT MACHINES: FROM WEDGES TO WATERWHEELS (Minneapolis: Runestone Press, c2000).

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