| Kiln
Color |
Cone |
°F |
°C |
Notes |
| white |
14 |
2552° |
1400° |
Porcelain.
|
| bright yellow
|
10 |
2372° |
1300°
|
High-fire/Stoneware:
cone 8-10
Above 1250°C the glow in the kiln is intense, making it difficult to see inside the kiln. |
|
|
6 |
2192° |
1200° |
Mid-fire
pottery: cone 2-7 |
| yellow
|
03 |
2012° |
1100° |
Low-fire/Earthenware:
cone 08-1
|
| yellow-
orange |
06 |
1832° |
1000° |
Minimum temperature for oxidising atmosphere inside kiln.
Silver melts at 960°C. |
| orange
|
010 |
1652° |
900° |
Clay
particles beginning to vitrify.
Bisque is between 900°C and 1000°C.
|
| bright cherry red
|
015 |
1472° |
800° |
The glowing hot coals of a campfire reach this temperature.
Enamel kilns are fired to between 750°C and 850°C. |
| cherry red
|
018 |
1292° |
700° |
Between 700°C and 800°C the substances of carbon and sulphur are burned off, giving a strong smell. |
| dull
red
|
|
1112° |
600° |
A dull red color is visible. |
| color visible
|
|
932° |
500° |
At 573°C, a reaction called quartz inversion in both heating and cooling stages takes place. |
|
|
|
752° |
400° |
Although the pots are dry to touch when put in the kiln, trapped in the clay is chemically combined water, and this
is driven off between 350-500°C |
|
|
|
572° |
300° |
Kitchen stoves only get this hot. |
|
.
|
|
392° |
200° |
Vegetable matter, such as grass or paper, is burned off as smoke. |
| dark
|
|
212° |
100° |
Water boils and vaporises into steam. |
A Cone is a stick made of ceramic mixtures which will bend at a certain known temperature.
In the chart above the cone numbers do not match exactly the temperatures given. They are guides to temperature ranges only.
Chart with thanks to Linda Mosley, and A.M.Smithson. (modified)