EtruscanGlossary.htm

Etruscan Glossary

by Patrick C. Ryan
(1/13/2008)

A
ac: verb, make, offer, act
acazr: noun, objects offered in the tomb
acale (Aclus): noun, June
ais, eis (pl. aisar, eisar), god
aisiu: adjective, divine, of the gods
aisna, eisna: adjective, divine, of the gods
al: verb, give, offer
alpan, alpnu: noun / adverb, gift, offering; willingly
alphaze: noun, offering
alumnathe: noun, sacred society
am: verb, to be
an (ana, ane, anc, ananc): pronoun, he, she
apa: noun, father
apana: adjective, paternal
apcar: noun, abacus
ar-, er-: verb, to make, move, build
*arac: noun, falcon
*arim: noun, monkey
ars-: verb, push away?
aska: noun, type of vase (Gk. askós)
athre: noun, building (Lat. atrium?)
ati, ativu: noun, mother, 'mummy'
ati nacna: noun, grandmother
avil: noun, year C
-c: conjunction, and
ca: demonstrative, this
camthi: noun, name of a magistracy
cape, capi: noun, vase,container(cf. Lat. capio:?)
*capr-: noun, April
capra: noun, urn
*capu: noun, falcon
car-, cer-: verb, make, build
cecha: noun, sacred things, ritual, ceremony, priestly
zilch cechaneri: noun, a title (see zil etc.)
cechase: noun, name of magistracy
cehen: demonstrative, this one here
cela: noun, room (Lat. cella)
celi: noun, September
celu: noun, priestly title
cep-, cepen: noun, priestly title
ces-: verb, lie
cezp: numeral, 8?
cezpalch: numeral, 80?
ci: numeral, 3
cialch-, cealch-: numeral, 30
ciz: adverb, three times
cisra: noun, Caere
clan (pl. clenar): noun, son
cletram: noun, basin, basket, cart for offerings (Umbrian kletra)
cleva: noun, offering
clevsin: noun, Chiusi
creal: noun, magistrate
creice: noun, Greek (Lat. Graecus)
culichna: noun, vase, 'little kylix' (Gk. kylix)
cupe: noun, cup (Gk. kúpe:, Lat. cupa)
cver: noun, cvil, gift, offering CH
*chosfer (gloss): noun, October E
eca (see ca)
eleivana: adjective, of oil
aska eleivana: noun, vessel for oil (Gk. élaion)
-em: adposition, minus
enac, enach: adverb, then, afterwards
epl, pi, pul: adposition, in, to, up to
eslz: adverb, twice
etera, eteri: noun, foreigner; slave, client (serf?)
etnam: adverb, and, also F
*falatu (gloss, falado): noun, sky
fan-: verb, to consecrate?
fanu: noun, sacred place (Lat. fa:num?)
favi: noun, grave, temple vault (Lat. fauissa?)
fler: noun, offering, sacrifice
flerchva: noun, all the statues, offerings
flere: noun, divinity, god
flereS: noun, statue
frontac: noun, interpreter of lightning; see
trutnuth (Gk. bronte:?)
fufluna, see pupluna H
hanthin: adposition, in front of
hec-, hech-: verb, put, place in front of, add
herma, heramasva: noun, place, statue? (Gk. Hermes)
herme, hermu: noun, sacred society of Hermes *hermi- (gloss, Ermius): noun, August
hinthial: noun, soul, ghost, reflection
hintha, hinthu, hinththin: adposition, below
hus- (pl. husiur): noun, youth, children;
huznatre: noun, group of youths
huth: numeral, 6 I
ic, ich, ichnac: adverb, how
ica, ika: demonstrative, this
ilu-: verb, activity of offering or prayer
in, inc: pronoun, it
ipa: pronoun, relative pronoun
ipe, ipa: pronoun, whoever, whatever
*ister (gloss: Lat. histrio): noun, actor
ita, itu: demonstrative, this
*itu- (gloss: itus or
ituare): verb, to divide? (Lat. Idus) L
lauchum: noun, king (Lat. lucumo:)
lauchumna: adjective / noun, 'belonging to a lucumo' (king or prince), palace
lautni: adjective / noun, 'of the family', freedman
lautnitha, lautnita: noun, freedwoman
lautun, lautn: noun, family, gens
lechtum: noun, vase for oil (Gk. le:kuthos)
lechtumuza: noun, little le:kuthos
lein- : verb,to die?
les-: verb, offer sacrifice
leu-: noun, lion
lucair: verb, to rule
luth: noun, sacred place
lup-, lupu: verb, to die M
-m, -um: conjunction, and
mach: numeral, 5
macstrev: noun, name of magistracy
mal-: verb, to give, dedicate?
malena, malstria: noun, mirror
man, mani: noun, the dead (Lat. Manes)
manin-: verb, to offer to the Manes?
maru, marunu: noun, name of magistracy (Lat. maro:, Umbr. maron-)
masan, masn: noun, name of month?
matam, matan: adposition, above, before
math: noun, honey, honeyed wine
maruchva: noun, type of zilath
mech: noun, people, league
men-: verb, offer
methlum: noun, district
mi, mini: pronoun, I, me
mul-: verb, to offer, dedicate as an ex-voto
mulach, malak, mlach: noun, votive offering, dedication
mun-, muni: noun, underground place, tomb
mur-: verb, stay, reside
murS: noun, urn, sarcophagus
mutana, mutna: noun, sarcophagus N
nac: adverb / conjunction, how, as, because
neftS, nefS, nefiS: noun, grandson (Lat. nepos)
nene: noun, nurse, wet-nurse
neri: noun, water
nesna: noun, belonging to the dead?
nethSra: noun, haruspicina
netSvis: noun, haruspex
nuna: noun, offering?
nurph-: numeral, 9 P
pachathur: noun, Bacchante, maenad
pachie-, pachana: adjective, Bacchic
pacusnaSie, pacuSnasie: adjective, Bacchic, Dionysiac
papa, papacs: noun, grandfather
papals: adjective / noun, of the grandfather: grandson
parnich: noun, magistrate
patna: noun, name of vase (Gk. patane, Lat. patina?)
penthuna, penthna: noun, cippus, stone?
pi, pul: adposition, at, in, through
pruch, pruchum: noun, lug (Gk. próchous)
prumathi, prumats: noun, great-grandson (Lat. pronepos)
puia: noun, wife
pul, see pi
pulumchva: noun, stars?
pupluna, fufluna: noun, Populonia
purth, purthne: noun, name of magistrate or magistracy; dictator?
put-, puth-: noun, cup, vase, well? (Lat. puteus, puteal) Q
qutun, qutum: noun, vase (Gk. ko:tho:n) R
rach-: verb, prepare
*rasenna, rasna: adjective, Etruscan, of Etruria
rath: noun, sacred thing
ratum: adjective, according to law (Lat. rite)
ril: adjective, aged, at the age of ... (years)
rumach: adjective, Roman, from Rome
ruva: noun, brother S, SH

(s and S [/sh/] are often interchangeable)


Sa: numeral, 4
sac-: verb, carrying out a sacred act
sacni: noun, sanctuary
sacnisa: verb, consecrate?
sal-: verb, make, carry out
Sar, zar: numeral, 10
sath-, Sat-: verb, put, establish, be put?
Sealch: numeral, 40
sec, sech: noun, daughter
semph: numeral, 7?
semphalch: numeral, 70?
slicaches: noun, sacred society?
snenath: noun, maid, companion (fem.)
spur-: noun, city
spurana, spureni: adjective, having to do with the city
Sran, sren: noun, ornament, figure
srencve: adjective, decorated with figures!
suc-: verb, declare
suplu: noun, flutist (Lat. subulo)
Suth-, sut-: verb, to stay, place
Suthi: noun, tomb, grave
Suthina: adjective, for the tomb, sepulchral gift
sval: adjective / verb, alive, to live
sve: adverb, similarly
sveamach: adjective, from Sovana T
ta: demonstrative, this
tamera: noun, name of magistracy
tarchnalthi: adjective, at Tarquinia
ten-: verb, to act as
tes-, tesam-: verb, to care for
tesinth: noun, caretaker
teta: noun, grandmother
tev-: verb, to show, set?
tevarath: noun, onlooker, judge at the games, umpire
tin-: noun, day
tiu, tiv-, tiur: noun, moon, month
tmia: noun, place, sacred building
-tnam, see
etnam
trin-: verb, to plead, supplicate
truth, trut: noun, libation
trutnuth, trutnut: noun, priest (Lat. fulguriator)
tul: noun, stone
tular, tularu: noun, boundaries
tunur: adverb, one at a time
tur-: verb, to give
tura: noun, incense
turza: noun, offering
tus: noun, funerary niche
tusurthir: noun, married couple? ('in the double urn'?)
tuthi, tuti-: noun, community, state (Umbrian tota?)
tuthin, tuthina-: adjective, of the state, public
tuthina: noun, the people; votive object? TH
thafna: noun, cup
tham-: verb, to build, found
thapna: noun, vase (for offerings?)
thaurch: adjective, funerary
thaure, thaura: noun, tomb
thez-: verb, to make an offering
thezl, thezi: noun, name of a city found on Etruscan coins
thi: pronoun, pronoun
thina: noun, vase, jar (Lat. tina, Gk. dînos)
thu: numeral, one
thucte: noun, name of month
thui: adverb, here, now
thuni: conjunction, before
thunz: adverb, once U
ulpaia: noun, jug (Gk. olpe:)
une: adverb, then
usil: noun, the sun
uslane: adverb, at noon
ut-: verb, carry out, perform V
vacal, vacil, vacl: noun, libation?
*velcitna (gloss, Velcitanus): noun, March
velclthi: adjective, at Vulci
velsnalthi: adjective, at Volsinii (velznani)
velsnach: adverb, from Volsinii
vers-: noun, fire (or ladle?)
vinum, vinm: noun, wine (Lat. ui:num) Z
zal, zel-, esal-: numeral, 2
zanena: noun, cup
zar, see
sar
zathrum: numeral, 20
zeri: noun, rite, legal action?
zich-: verb, to write, incise
zil-: verb, to rule?
zil, zilac, zilc, zilach, zilath: noun, a magistrate (Lat. praetor)
ziv: adjective, having lived, dead at
ziva: noun, the dead, deceased

go to first 35+ root cognates (1-35) ?

PL MORPHOLOGICAL ELEMENTS IN ETRUSCAN

press here to see

to investigate these phonological correspondences in detail, see the

NOTATIONAL CONVENTIONS

Combinatory Modifications

for modifications of the vowels and consonants in combination, see the

Table of Modifications

PROTO-LANGUAGE MONOSYLLABLES

In order for readers to judge the semantic plausibility of the analysis of Proto-Language(PL) compounds suggested here, I am including access to a table of Proto-Language monosyllables and the meanings I have provisionally assigned.

Most assignments can be exhaustively supported by data from actually attested forms but a few animates are very doubtful; and this list does not represent the "final" solution of these questions, which will only be approached when other scholars assist in refining it.

Patrick C. Ryan

Summer 1998