"The Flatterer"
(Whyte, Alexander. Bunyan Characters Second Series Lectures
Delivered in St. George's Free Church Edinburgh; Oliphant Anderson and Ferrier,
Edinburgh; London: 1894, pp. 24-33)
Introduction:
Both Ignorance and Little-Faith would have had their
revenge and satisfaction upon Christian and Hopeful had they seen those two so Pharisaical
old men taken in the Flatterer's net. For it was nothing else but the swaggering pride of
Hopeful over the pitiful case of Little-Faith, taken along with the hard and hasty ways of
Christian with that unhappy youth Ignorance, that so soon laid them both down under the
small cords of the Shining One. This word of the wise man, that pride goeth before
destruction, and a haughty spirit before a fall, was fulfilled to the very letter in
Christian and Hopeful that high-minded day. At the same time, it must be admitted that
Christian and Hopeful would have been more than human if they had not both felt and let
fall some superiority, some scorn, and some impatience in the presence of such a silly and
upsetting stripling as Ignorance was; as, also, over the story of such a poor-spirited and
spunging creature as Little-Faith was. Christian and Hopeful had just come down from their
delightful time among the Delectable Mountains, and they were as full as they could hold
of all kinds of knowledge, and faith, and hope, and assurance; when, most unfortunately,
as it turned out, they first came across Ignorance, and then, after quarreling with him,
they fell out between themselves over the case of Little-Faith. Their superior knowledge
of the truth, and their superior strength of faith, ought to have made them more able to
bear with the infirmities of the weak, and with the passing moods, however provoking, of
one another. But no. And their impatience and contempt and bad temper all came at this
crisis to such a head with them that they could only be cured by the small cords and the
stinging words of the Shining One. The true key to this so painful part of the parable
hangs at our own girdle. We who have been born and brought up in an evangelical church are
thrown from time to time into the company of men -- ministers and people -- who have not
had our advantages and opportunities. They have been born, baptized, and brought up in
communities and churches the clean opposite of ours; and they are as ignorant of all New
Testament religion as Ignorance himself was; or, on the other hand, they are as full of
superstition and terror and spiritual starvation as Little-Faith was. And then, instead of
recollecting and laying to heart Who made us to differ from such ignorance and such
unbelief, and thus putting on love and humility and patience toward our neighbors, we
speak scornfully and roughly to them, and boast ourselves over them, and as good as say to
them, Stand by thyself, come not near to me, for I am wiser, wider-minded, stronger, and
better every way than you. And then, ere ever we are aware of what we are doing, we have
let the arch-flatterer of religious superiority and of spiritual pride seduce us aside out
of the lowly and heavenly way of love and humility till we are again brought back to it
with rebukes of conscience and with other chastisements. You all understand, my brethren,
that the man black of flesh but covered with a white robe was no wayside seducer who met
Christian and Hopeful at that dangerous part of the road only, and only on that
high-minded day. You know from yourselves surely that both Christian and Hopeful carried
that black but smooth-spoken man within themselves. The Flatterer who led the two pilgrims
so fatally wrong that day was just their own heart taken out of their own bosom and
personified and dramatized by Bunyan's dramatic genius, and so made to walk and talk and
flatter and puff up outside of themselves till they came again to see who in reality he
was and whence he came, --that is to say, till they were brought to see what they
themselves still were, and would always be, when they were left to themselves. "Where
did you lie last night? asked the Shining One with the whip. With the Shepherds on the
Delectable Mountains, they answered. He asked them then if they had not of those shepherds
a note of direction for the way? They answered, Yes. But did you not, said he, when you
were at a stand pluck out and read your note? They answered, No. He asked them why? They
said they forgot. He asked, moreover if the shepherds did not bid them beware of the
Flatterer? They answered, Yes; but we did not imagine, said they, that this fine-spoken
man had been he."
All good literature, both sacred and profane, both ancient
and modern, is full of the Flatterer. Let me not, protests Elihu in his powerful speech in
the book of Job, let me not accept any man's person; neither let me give flattering titles
unto man, lest in so doing my Maker should soon take me away. And the Psalmist in his
powerful description of the wicked men of his day: There is no faithfulness in their
mouth; their inward part is very wickedness; their throat is an open sepulcher; they
flatter with their tongue. And again: They speak with flattering lips, and with a double
heart do they speak. But the Lord shall cut off all flattering lips, and the tongue that
speaketh proud things. "The perpetual hyperbole" of pure love becomes in the
lips of impure love the impure bait that leads the simple ones astray on the streets of
the city as seen and heard by the wise man out of his casement. My son, say unto wisdom,
Thou art my sister, and call understanding thy kinswoman; that they may keep from the
strange woman, from the stranger which flattereth thee with her words, which forsaketh the
guide of her youth, and forgetteth the covenant of her God. And then in the same book of
Hebrew aphorisms we find this text which Bunyan puts on the margin of the page: "A
man that flattereth his neighbor spreadeth a net for his feet." And now, before we
leave the ancient world, if you would not think it beneath the dignity of the place we are
in, I would like to read to you a passage out of a round-about paper written by a satirist
of Greece about the time of Ezra and Nehemiah in Jerusalem. You will easily remark the
difference of tone between the seriousness and pathos of the Hebrew prophet and the light
and chaffing touch of Theophrastus, "The Flatterer is a person," says that
satirist of Greek society, "who will say to you as he walks with you, "Do you
observe how people are looking at you? This happens to no man in Athens but to you. A fine
compliment was paid you yesterday in the Porch. More than thirty persons were sitting
there when the question was started, Who is our foremost man? Every one mentioned you
first, and ended by coming back to your name." The Flatterer will laugh also at your
stalest joke, and will stuff his cloak into his mouth as if he could not repress his
amusement when you again tell it. He will buy apples and pears and will give to your
children when you are by, and will kiss them all and will say, "Chicks of a good
father." Also, when he assists at the purchase of slippers he will declare that the
foot is more shapely than the shoe. He is the first of the guests to praise the wine and
to say as he reclines next the host, "How delicate your fare always is"; and
taking up something from the table, "Now, how excellent that is!" And so on.
Yes, we have heard it all over and over again in Modern Athens also. The Greek fable also
of the fox and the crow and the piece of cheese is only another illustration of the truth
that the God of truth and integrity never left Himself without a witness. Our own
literature also is scattered full of the Flatterer and his too willing dupes. "Of
praise a mere glutton," says Goldsmith of David Garrick, "he swallowed what
came. The puff of a dunce he mistook it for fame." "Delicious essence,"
exclaims Sterne, "how refreshing thou art to poor human nature! How sweetly dost thou
mix with the blood, and help it through the most difficult and tortuous passages to the
heart." "He that slanders me," says Cowper, "paints me blacker than I
am, and he that flatters me whiter. They both daub me, and when I look in the glass of
conscience, I see myself disguised by both." And then he sings:
"The worth of these three kingdoms I defy
To lure me to the baseness of a lie;
And of all lies (be that one poet's boast),
The lie that flatters I abhor the most."
Now, praise, which is one of the best and sweetest things in human life, so soon passes
over into flattery, which is one of the worst things, that something must here be said and
laid to heart about praise also. But, to begin with, praise itself must first be praised.
There is nothing nobler than true praise in him who speaks it, and there is nothing dearer
and sweeter to him who hears it. God Himself inhabits the praises of Israel. All God's
works praise Him. Who so offereth praise glorifieth Me. Praise waiteth for Thee, O God, in
Zion. Enter into His gates with thanksgiving, and into His courts with praise. Violence
shall no more be heard in thy land, wasting nor destruction within thy borders; but thou
shalt call thy walls Salvation, and thy gates Praise. And such also is all true praise
between man and man. How deliciously sweet is praise! How we labor after it! How we look
for it and wait for it! And how we languish and die if we do not get it! Again, when it
comes to us, how it cheers us up and makes our face to shine! For a long time after it our
step is so swift on the street and our face beams so that all men can quite well see what
has come to us. Praise is like wine in our blood; it is new life to our fainting heart. So
much is this the case that a salutation of praise is to be our first taste of heaven
itself. It will wipe all tears off our eyes when we hear our Lord saying to us, "Well
done!" when all our good works that we have done in the body shall be found unto
praise and honor and glory in the great day of Jesus Christ.
At the same time, this same love of praise is one of our
most besetting and fatal temptations as long as we are in this false and double and
deceptive world. Sin, God curse it! has corrupted and poisoned everything, the very best
things of this life, and when the best things are corrupted and poisoned they become the
worst things. And praise does not escape this universal and fatal law. Weak, evil, and
self-seeking men are near us, and we lean upon them, look to them, and listen to them. We
make them our strength and support, and seek repose and refreshment from them. They cannot
be all or any of these things to us; but we are far on in life, we are done with life,
before we have discovered that and will admit that. Most men never discover and admit that
till they are out of this life altogether. Christ's praise and the applause of His saints
and angels are so future and so far away from us, and man's praise and the applause of
this world, hollow and false as it is, is so near us, that we feed our souls on offal and
garbage, when, already, in the witness of a good conscience, we might be feasting our
souls on the finest of the wheat, and satisfying them with honey out of the rock. And,
then, this insatiable appetite of our hearts, being so degraded and perverted, like all
degraded and perverted appetites, becomes an iron-fast slave to what it feeds upon. What
miserable slaves we all are to the approval and the praise of men! How they hold us in
their bondage! How we lick their hands and sit up on our haunches and go through our
postures for a crumb! How we crawl on our belly and lick their feet for a stroke and a
smile! What a hound's life does that man lead who lives upon the approval and the praise
and the patronage of men! What meanness fills his mind; what baseness fills his heart!
What a shameful leash he is led about the world in! How kicked about and spat upon he is;
while not half so much as he knows all the time that he deserves to be! Better far be a
dog at once and bay the moon than be a man and fawn upon the praises of men.
If you would be a man at all, not to speak of a Christian
men, starve this appetite till you have quite extirpated it. You will never be safe from
it as long as it stirs within you. Extirpate it! Extirpate it! You will never know true
self-respect and you will never deserve to know it, till you have wholly extirpated your
appetite for praise. Put your foot upon it, put it out of your heart. Stop fishing for it,
and when you see it coming, turn away and stop your ears against it. And should it still
insinuate itself, at any rate do not repeat to others what has already so flattered and
humbled and weakened you. Telling it to others will only humble and weaken you more. By
repeating the praise that you have heard or read about yourself you only expose yourself
and purchase well-deserved contempt for yourself. And, more than that, by fishing for
praise you lay yourself open to all sorts of flatterers. Honest men, men who truly respect
and admire you, will show you their dignified regard and appreciation of you and your work
by their silence; while your leaky slaves will crowd around you with floods of praise that
they know well will please and purchase you. And when you cannot with all your arts
squeeze a drop out of those who love and honor you, gallons will be poured upon you by
those who have respect neither for themselves nor for you. Faugh! Flee from flatterers,
and take up only with sternly true and faithful men. "I am much less regardful,"
says Richard Baxter, "of the approbation of men, and set much lighter store by their
praise and their blame, than I once did. All worldly things appear most vain and
unsatisfying to those who have tried them most. But while I feel that this has had some
hand in my distaste for men's praise, yet it is the increasing impression on my heart of
man's nothingness and God's transcendent greatness; it is the brevity and vanity of all
earthly things, taken along with the nearness of eternity; -- it is all this that has at
last lifted me above the blame and the praise of men."
To conclude; let us make up our mind and determine to pass
on to God on the spot every syllable of praise that ever comes to our eyes or our ears --
if, in this cold, selfish, envious, and grudging world, any syllable of praise ever should
come to us. Even if pure and generous and well-deserved praise should at any time come to
us, all that does not make it ours. The best earned usury is not the stewards' own money
to do with it what he likes. The principal and the interest, and the trader too, are all
his master's. And, more than that, after the wisest and the best trader has done his best,
he will remain, to himself at least, a most unprofitable servant. Pass on then
immediately, dutifully, and to its very last syllable, to God all the praise that comes to
you. Wash your hands of it and say, Not unto us, O God, not unto us, but unto Thy name.
And then, to take the most selfish and hungry-hearted view of this whole matter, what you
thus pass on to God as not your own but His, He will soon, and in a better and safer
world, return again to the full with usury to you, and you again to God, and He again to
you, and so on, all down the pure and true and sweet and blessed life of heaven.