What is the use of gears in cars and how do they work?
The gearing systems of the automobiles have not been challenged for almost a century. Their justification is surprisingly simple. Friction between rubbing surfaces is a source of nuisance to free motion. Its effect is to cause a loss of power and motivation. More importantly Static Friction is more obstinate than Dynamic Friction. That is to say, the vehicles need a larger effort to get them into movement than keep them running (say at the same speed). It also means they need more torque to turn the wheels from standstill and much less, once set in motion. The normal and formal prime movers are unable to fit this bill. Therefore the requirement translates into equipping an additional torque converter -- to enable deliver a large torque to commence the move, little less while on the move but on a grade and much less while moving on a flat terrain. A set of gears is the prescription. The gears are toothed wheels (usually a set of four pairs) between a prime mover (e.g) an internal combustion engine and its load (say the clutch, differential and the wheels). Initially on the so called first gear (whether on a mobike, scooter, car, truck or a tractor), the ratio is such as to reduce the speed so realizing an almost proportionately increased torque. This torque is later exchanged, namely, on the second, third and the fourth gears, in successive steps, for speed. Many outfits also provide for over gears when a scope for speed is dramatically enhanced at the cost of -- yes, again, the torque. So you now know why the engine stalls if you attempt starting the vehicle on a gear higher than the first! If a source of the motivating power does inherently have a high torque to begin with and reduce, maybe, on gaining speed -- it will be ideal for the current generation transporting systems. Seemingly somewhat ideal, this situation occurs with the (series configured electric DC) traction motors that you may find in the trams or locomotives. They can start with a jolt, accelerate faster and coast with uncanny ease and maneuverability. If you can configure a revolutionary torque converter fulfilling similar specifications, but at a reduced complexity, it will be a killer application fit enough to include you amongst the likes of Bill Gates, Narayanamurthy and Sabeer Bhatia.