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Western Civilization I (HI103), Section 2 (M/W)
Anthony A. Ball, Instructor

Paper Assignments (distributed in class on 2/14/01)

I.    General Instructions

The writing assignment for this course consists of a short paper.  Papers should be 5-7 pages long, typed, double-spaced, with one-inch margins left/right and top/bottom. You should use a normal sized font (10 or 12 point). Please do not prepare an elaborate cover page or use any kind of plastic folder or jacket. Simply type your name and course information in the upper right hand corner of the first page, in the same way that I have done here. The paper is due in class on 5/7.  Late papers will be penalized one (1) letter grade for each day, or part of a day, late.  Under no circumstances will papers be accepted after 5/11.  Your final paper should be closely proofread. Your grade will be adversely affected by excessive spelling and/or grammatical errors.

The purpose of this assignment is to get you to use primary sources in formulating your own opinions about the history of western civilization.  As I will state throughout the course, a primary source is simply any document, image, artifact or other thing created during the historical time period being studied.  Hammurabi's Code (c. 1790 B.C.E.) is a primary source.  Your textbook itself is not a primary source.  However, the textbook contains many primary sources which you should consider for your topics.  Each chapter includes one or more "Witnesses" boxes, usually first-hand accounts of a particular aspect or problem in western society.  Many of the visual images in the textbook (paintings, sculpture, etc.) are also legitimate primary sources from which you may draw appropriate conclusions.  It is important that you avail yourself of these sources, although most of the information for the papers will likely come from the web site.

Go to the web site (TonyBall.com) and follow the links to Western Civilization I, Monday/Wednesday Section.  Click the "Assignments" icon.  There you will see this document, along with links to the various primary sources listed below.  You are to use these sources to write your papers.  If you do not have access to the Internet, you should utilize the computers in the library or in the school computer labs.  The librarians are familiar with my web pages and can help you.  I am also available during my office hours or by appointment if you need help obtaining the documents.

You need not use all the primary sources listed for each topic.  You should utilize enough sources to be able to answer the question in a 5-7 page paper.  During the course of the semester, I am very likely to add more primary sources under each topic.  Although I will announce new sources in class, you should check the site periodically to see whether any new material has been added for your topic.  I may also add one or two additional topics during the next couple of weeks.  I will announce any such additions in class, but you should also check the web site on your own.

At the end of the paper you should provide a list of the sources utilized. If you have used a primary source from the web site, simply cite that source in the same manner as it appears on the list. For example, Aelius Donatus, On Barbarism (undated, after 354 C.E.).   To cite other sources, refer to the MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers, which is on reserve in the library.

There are two types of additional research which you may want to do. First, you may need to re-read specific parts of the textbook or other secondary sources to get background information in your topic. Be very careful in utilizing secondary sources. The purpose of this paper assignment is to get you to use historical evidence to draw your own inferences and conclusions, not to rely on what another historian or writer has to say. The most common reason for a low or failing grade on these paper assignments is reliance on secondary rather than primary sources. You will definitely receive a failing grade for plagiarism (i.e., passing off substantial portions of a secondary source as your own writing).

You may also want to find additional primary sources. If you find these on the Internet, be absolutely sure they are from legitimate sites and contain accurate and authentic information. The sources that I am putting on the web pages and the Witness Boxes contained in the textbook should be sufficient for most of the topics.



II.   Specific Paper Topics:

Here are the specific paper topics.  These are intended to help you focus your analysis and writing; they have been formulated with the actual primary source documents in mind.  Select any one (1) topic.

1.   Describe education in Ancient Greece and Rome.  What do the various documents say about the purpose of education?  What differences, if any, can you detect between the education of Roman boys and girls? 

Primary Sources as of 02/14/01 :

Douris?, Scenes From the School (490-480 B.C.E.)
Plato, Meno (380 B.C.E.)

Herondas (aka Herodas), from "The Third Mime" (c. 3rd Cent. B.C.E.)

Letter Home of a Roman "University Student (44 B.C.E.)

Horace, Pliny & Martial, On Roman Educational Practices (var. dates)
Quintilian, The Ideal Education (c. 90 C.E.)
Plutarch, The Training of Children (c. 110 C.E.)
Seneca, On the Tranquility of the Mind (undated, before 65 C.E.)
Aelius Donatus, On Barbarism (undated, after 354 C.E.)


2.   How did the ancient Greeks and Romans look upon non-European peoples, such as the civilizations of Africa and the Near East?  How did the Romans view the Germanic tribes that would overrun the Empire during the 5th century C.E.? 

Primary Sources as of 02/14/01 :

Herodotus, On Babylonia, Chaldea, and Assyria, From the Histories of the Persian Wars (c. 430 B.C.E.)
Herodotus, On Ethiopia, From the Histories of the Persian Wars (c. 430 B.C.E.)
Herodotus, On India, From the Histories of the Persian Wars (c. 430 B.C.E.)
Julius Caesar, The Germans (c. 51 B.C.E.)
Strabo, Geography (c. 22 C.E.)
Tacitus, Germania (c. 100 C.E.)
Priscus, On Attila the Hun (448 C.E.)
Sidonius Apollinaris, A Civilized Barbarian and a Barbarous Roman (c. 454, 470 C.E.)

3.   Discuss Anti-Semitism in Europe from the last centuries of the Roman Empire through the Middle Ages.  What do the primary sources reveal about the legal rights and social position of Jews in Western Europe?  How were Jewish communities organized?

Primary Sources as of 02/14/01 :

Legislation Affecting the Jews (300 to 800 C.E.)
Jews and the Later Roman Law (315-531 C.E.)

Fourth Council of Toledo, On the Keeping of Slaves ( 633)

Bishop of Speyer, Grant of Lands & Privileges to the Jews (1084)

Anselm of Canterbury, How to Treat a Convert (before 1100)

Rabbi Solomon Bar Isaac, Communal Affairs in Troyes (c. 1100)
Contact between English Jews and Christians: Two Twelfth-century Views (1180's)
Rigord, The Expulsion of the Jews from France (1182)
Gerald of Wales, Two Cistercian Monks turn Jews (before 1200)
Pope Innocent III, The Keeping of Slaves by the Jews (1204)

Las Siete Partidas: Laws on Jews (1265)
The Black Death and the Jews (1348-1349)
Ordinance of the Jews of the Crown of Aragon (1354)

Martin Luther, The Jews and Their Lies (1543)

 

4.     Discuss the institution of slavery among the ancient Greeks and Romans.  How did the ancient Greeks and Romans justify slavery?  What circumstances led to enslavement?  How were slaves generally treated, and under what conditions did they rebel?  What legal rights, if any, did slaves have in these societies?

Primary Sources as of 02/14/01 :

Hesiod, Works and Days (c. 750 B.C.E .)
Strabo, Geographia, [written c. 20 A.D.], (c. 550 B.C.E.)

Aristotle, The Politics -- On Slavery (c. 330 B.C.E.)

Tacitus, The Murder of Pedanius Secundus (after 117 C.E.)

Plautus, Cato, Plutarch -- On Slavery in the Roman Republic (var. dates)

Diodorus Siculus, Strabo, Florus, Dio Cassius, Plutarch, Texts on Three Slave Revolts (var. dates)
{LONG}


5.     What were the differences between slavery and serfdom during the Middle Ages?  In what ways (legal, social, economic) were the two practices similar?

Primary Sources as of 02/14/01 :

Gregory of Tours, Harsh Treatment of Serfs and Slaves (c. 575)
Fourth Council of Toledo, On the Keeping of Slaves (633)

Prohibition on Selling Christians to Pagans for Sacrificial Rites (731)

Council of Worms, On the Murder of Slaves (876)

Gebhard, Bishop of Constance, Allocation of Serfs to Crafts (990)

Medieval Sourcebook, Traffic in Slaves: England (1065-1066)
William the Conqueror,  Sale of Slaves in England ( c. 1080)
Peter the Venerable vs. St. Bernard of Clairvaux, On the Keeping of Serfs (c. 1120)

King John of England, Confirmation of the Charters of the Jews (1201)

Medieval Sourcebook, The Cathedral Chapter of Chartres The Riot of 1210 (1210)

Henry, King of the Romans, Concerning Serfs Who Flee to the Cities of Alsace (1224)

Jean Froissart, The Jacquerie (1358)
Anonimalle Chronicle, English Peasants' Revolt (1381)

 

6.     Describe the lives of women in ancient Greece and Rome.  How were women treated under the law?  How did male writers regard women?  How did the treatment of women reflect broader values within Greek and Roman civilization?

Primary Sources as of 02/14/01 :

Semonides of Amorgos, Poem on Women (7th cent. B.C.E.)
Herodotus, Artemisia at Salamis ( 480 B.C.E.)

Xenophon, On Men and Women (c. 370 B.C.E.)

Alexis? (Athens), The Price of a Wife (4th cent. B.C.E.)

Alexis? (Athens), Prostitutes (4th cent. B.C.E.)

Aristotle, On a Good Wife (c. 330 B.C.E.)

Livy, Women Demonstrate and Obtain Repeal of the Oppian Law (195 B.C.E.)

Valerius Maximus, Womanly Virtue (1st cent., C.E.)

Valerius Maximus, Husbands' Punishment of Wives in Early Rome (1st cent., C.E.)

Julius Paulus, The Consequences of Adultery (2nd cent., C.E.)

Julius Paulus, Pregnancy, Status and Paternity (2nd cent., C.E.)

Juvenal, On Women in General (2nd cent., C.E.)

Various, On the Right of Life and Death (2nd and 3rd cents., C.E.)

Justinian, On Pimps (6th cent. C.E.)

 


 

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CLICK HERE TO GO TO A VERY GOOD SITE ON HOW TO READ PRIMARY SOURCES AND USE THEM IN HISTORY PAPERS!