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The Germans
The German Empire made contributions to every battle front in WWI, no more
so than in Austria-Hungary. From the Carpathians campaign beginning
in December 1914 through the retreat from the Ukraine in November
1918, German officers and troops fortified the ranks of the Armies
of Austria-Hungary. In the case of the German Süd Armee, it was
German in name only, for most of the troops had departed for other
fronts, leaving a German staff to manage replacement Austrian Corps.
Still, the expertise of the Germans was quite evident: the Süd Armee
was the most resilient force on the Eastern Front, and German-led
offensives aagainst Russia, Serbia, Italy, and Rumania scored bigger
successes than the Austrian officers were able to deliver, even
when Austrian troops did most of the fighting.
Abbreviations for Commanders' ranks:
- FM Feldmarschall
- GO Generaloberst
- GdI General
der Infanterie
- GdK General
der Kavallerie
- GdA General
der Artillerie (Germany only)
- FZM Feldzeugmeister
- FML Feldmarschalleutnant
- GLT Generalleutnant
(Germany only)
- GM Generalmajor
- Obst Oberst
- Hpt Hauptmann
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