Shoe the Horse and Scratch Cradle
Fun and Games for Victoria's Canadian Children
When the Europeans first arrived to settle in Canada, in the early seventeenth century, they spoke often of the Canadian's love of sports and games.  Most of us are familiar with lacrosse, but they also enjoyed races; either on foot or in canoes;  and 'follow the leader'.

Many of the games played by young children were meant to teach and inspire; just as their many legends did.
My G-Uncle Verne and G-Aunts Dolores and Ella
Throughout the Victorian Era, children still loved to race and hear stories.  They played with dolls, tops, iron or wooden rings and marbles; or gathered household string to play a game called 'Scratch-Cradle' or 'Cat's Cradle' , where intricate patterns were passed off until someone broke the design.
Other favourites were 'hide-and-seek' and 'follow the leader'; and on rainy days, parlour guessing games helped to pass the time.  Naturally, in winter, toboganning, skating, and snowshoeing filled the days,  and in summer; swimming, canoeing, and fishing. 
There were also many 'bounce' games; where children were pacified with rhymes like 'Shoe the Mare':
Shoe the horse, and shoe the mare,
But let the little colt go bare.
Or another favourite:

Oh, the brave old Duke of York,
He had ten thousand men;
He marched them up to the top of the hill,
And he marched them down again.
Egg Paqueing:

Also know as 'Egg Knocking', was a favourite amoungst the French-Canadians and Acadians.  Children would decorate a boiled egg and then challenge others to a game of 'Knock', where they would gently tap the end of their egg against the egg of their opponent until one of them breaks.  The skill was in hitting the egg hard enough to do damage, but not so hard as to break your own.  The person whose egg was still intact, won the game and the egg of the defeated 'knocker'.

This game later became part of the Cajun culture, brought to the region by the exiled
Acadians.
In the December, 1856; edition of Harper's Magazine,  as part of article on 'Staying Well, the author speaks of the necessity for play for both girls and boys:

"
If health is the object, we know of no means of attaining it other than by obedience to its laws. If our sons and daughters are to be as the polished corner-stones of the temple, they must first aquire the hardness of physical vigor before they can be capable of the desired polish. Parents make a distinction between the sex of their children, as regards their physical education, at too early a period. Air and exercise are essential to both, and the physical habits of the girl  should be as robust, until twelve years of age at least, as those of the boy.
"Any sentimental alarm about the rompiug of little miss may be quieted by the thought that she is but following the instincts of nature, which sets in motion every limb and organ of thc young, that they may acquire by exercise that development and strength which are necessary for wholesome growth.

"So let miss halloo, run, and tumble with Tom, her brother, to her young heart's content. This will secure strength of body, which is certainly more favorable to moral health and, necessarily, to delicacy of sentiment than physical weakness".
He then follows up with the proven benefits of exercise on young minds:
"One who speaks from experience  tells us that to thc English university studcnt his exercise is as much a daily necessity as his food; that it consists of walks of eight miles in less than two hours,
varied with jumping hedges, diitches, and gates, rowing on the river, playing  at cricket and football, and riding twelve miles without drawing bridle. The common standard of  a good walker, he says, amoung the English, ,students, is to have gone fifteen miles in three hours. 

"It is not surprising to learn that, with such vigorous habits, "dyspepsia is almost unknown, bilious attacks are not common, and consumption scarcly heard of;  and that, with such health, the  Cambridge man can read his nine hours a day, find and even accomplish with impunity the less scholastic feats of heavy suppers and strong punch."

So if you wanted your children to get into a school like Cambridge, let them frolick about when young.
Not that children had a lot of time for play.  From a very young age, they were kept busy helping around the house or in the fields. In some settlements small  boys were sent to collect 'punk', a fungus found  on decayed trees, which was dried to make kindling.

Another chore for small boys, was to help cool freshly
dipped candles. They would stand in the yard or a cold room with a rod of fresh "dips", and when they were cooled brought them to their mothers for another layer, and took another set outside to start the process again.  Since many layers were required, this could be a long and tedious process.
Young girls learned to spin and weave and also sewed, knitted and took care of younger brothers and sisters. It was also the girls' job to help with the "geese-picking", which took place about three or four times a year.

Geese were raised primarily for their feathers and since they were removed from live geese, it could be a difficult and dangerous procedure, not to mention the suffering of the poor bird.

The task  of the girls was to first catch the goose, and hold onto it while their mother pulled an old stocking over its head so that it would'nt bite. The feathers were used for bedding and the quills to make homemade pens.


Young girls also had to cut the hard sugar cones with special nippers to make "company" lump sugar; grated the salt and helped clean the candlesticks and snuffers.
Other chores included cleaning  boots, collecting eggs, tearing old clothes and rags into strips for braided rugs.  According to the 1838, Frugal Housewife, putting children to work was justified:

"Provided brothers and sisters go together, and are not allowed to go with bad children, it is a great deal better for the boys and girls on a farm to be picking blackberries at six cents a quart, then to be wearing out their clothes in useless play. They enjoy themselves just as well and they are are earning something to buy clothes, at the same time they are tearing them.

"In the country, where grain is raised it is a good plan to teach children to prepare the braid straw for their own bonnets, and their brothers' hats. Where turkeys and geese are kept, handsome feather fans may as well be made by the younger members of  the  family, as to be bought.

"The sooner children are taught to turn their faculties to some account, the better for them and their parents. In this country, we are apt to let children romp away their existence, till they get to be thirteen or fourteen. This is not well. It is not well for the purses and patience of parents; and it has a still worse effect on the morals and habits of the children.
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