The Stamm- Numeranten [1]

At the time of Frederick the Great, the Jewish Community of Breslau consisted of 1. General privileged [2], who in occupation and life style had the same rights as Christians and whose privileges were hereditary, 2. The privileged [3], who could trade in only certain types of wares and whose rights were not hereditary, but could, with "open Privilegiis" transfer them to their children 3. Tolerated [4] who had life-long residence rights, but were generally restricted to dealing in second-hand goods or peddling, 4. The ‘fixentrists’ [5] who obtained permission – by paying a yearly fee – ‘fix entrée’ – to spend an interval in Breslau and 5. The ‘Schutzgenossen’, [6] to which class belonged the Community officials and private servants, and were could not do any business of their own [7].  The variety of classes of Community members was ended on 21 May 1790 with the "Vorschrift, wie es kuenftig mit dem Judenwesen in Breslau zu halten sey"[8] [Rules for the conduct of Jewish affairs in Breslau in future], and there were then only:  General privileged, Family patriarchs [Stamm-Numeranten -= literally, ‘those with a family number’], tolerated and Polish border Jews [9].  The Stamm-Numeranten, also called "Breslau Schutzjuden" [Breslau protected Jews], could not exceed 160 in number:  they were selected from previous privileged, tolerated, fixentrists, and Schutzgenossen, and had to pay 50 to 200 Taler for it.  Each of them could have one son marry, to whom after the death [10] of the father, the number would pass.  If a second son wanted to marry , this could happen only if he went to another town or if the bride owned a Stamm-Nummer, that is, if the number 160 were not exceeded.  Should a Stamm-Numerant die, so his widow could, if the number originated with her, contract a second marriage, but only with someone born in Breslau or at least a Silesian.  If, however, the right originated with the deceased, so it passed to one of his children or, if there happened to be none, one of his siblings.  If there were no siblings either, or if they were too poor to be able to use the right, the widow could, if she had the means and a good reputation, apply for the number and marry a "native born".  If none of these were the case, the vacated number returned to the Community, which was responsible for paying the annual fee, and which had to be repaid by whoever later bought the number.  This one as well had to be born in Breslau and possess a fortune of at least 1000 Taler.  Widows and children, who in consequence of their poverty could not use a Stamm-Nummer, but otherwise qualified, could, if their fortunes improved and a vacancy occurred, receive special consideration.  – The 160 Schutzjuden had their right to educate their sons, to execute all "mechanical arts,  to broker and to sell anything not generally forbidden Jews", and they could just like general-privileged employ,  "messengers and true servants –but only Silesians – according  to their true household needs".  – These two categories, general privileged and Stamm-Numeranten, formed the Jewish Community and held the right to select from among themselves a senior elder and two elders, at whose service a Syndikus  was placed, to keep the books and minutes.  Assessor of the Royal Commission on Jews Lewin Benjamin Dohm [11]served in this position.  He also conducted and signed the proceedings regarding Stamm-Nummern.—

The names of the Schutzjuden were:  1. Gerson Loebel Guttmann (dry goods broker; married first to Behle Fischel and second to Braeunche Minden from Berlin, transferred his number in 1797 to his son Fischel Wolff and died Feb. 1798).  2. Wolf Israel Kalisch (merchant; first wife Zivel Hirsch, second Fradel, called "Treine" in another place, daughter of General-Privileged Heymann, transferred his number 1808 to his daughter Beate [12], married to Isaac Joel Bloch.  The latter was for many years president of the Khevra Kadishah and died 25 Sept 1833.  Wolf Israel Kalisch died 31 Dec 1814).  3. Wolf Marcus Wiener (went to the Fair [=Leipziger Messe, a very large, very old fair in Germany] single, the number was transferred after his death to his brother Salomon Marcus Wiener from Potsdam and in 1809 from him to his daughter Betty-Babette, who married her cousin Salomon Isaac Wiener).  4. Loebel Mos. Cassierer (merchant, wife Zerchen Ruben; 1809 the number was transferred to their oldest son Moses Loebel Cassierer).  5. Isaac Meyer Liegnitzer (merchant, married to Chaje Seelig). 6. Moses Bendix Oppenheimer (went to the Fair; wife Serel Loebel; his number transferred 1802 to his son Loebel Moses Oppenheimer).  7.  Gottschalk Abraham Wartenberg (merchant, married to Guetel Victor Levy, his daughter Esther, born 1781, was engaged 1795 to Benjam. Jes. Berliner and another daughter, Nache, born 1786, in 1805 to Schefftel Jes. Fraenckel, to whom the number 7 was one day to be given.  8.  Schabse Abraham Zuelchauer (merchant, wife Gold Lippmann Luebner, determined in 1799 that his number would go to his daughter Schoene on his death.  She was married to Itzig Mos. Rawitscher from Rawicz).  9.  Alexand. Sam. Sander (merchant; married to Guetel Loebel; their daughter Serel married R. Wolf Benjam. Ginsberg).  10. Joach. Nathan Friedlaender (money changer; wife Genendel Israel; his son Scheftel married Kayle Henschel in 1796 and his daughter Voegele Joel Singtang.  A second son-in-law was Mendel Levin Broese [13], who received rights to the number via his 1796 marriage to Zerel Friedlaender).  11. Isaac Abr. Freund (tobacco products merchant; his number was transferred 1804 to his unmarried sister Esther on his baptism).  12. Jak. Mos. Breiniss (merchant; wife Liebe Mendel; his daughter Roesel married an Eibeschuetz from Dresden in 1804) [a].  13. Fabian Israel Lappe (merchant; received in 1795 the general privilege of Esaias Loebel Joachim, who died in 1794, and transferred it therefore, to the latter’s foster daughter Esther Abraham, who married Joel Nathan Joachimsthal from Posen).  14.  Loebel Joseph Asch (merchant, born 1737, married to Chawe Victor and died 28 Jun 1809.  His son Aron Loebel Asch, born 1767, received his number and married Ranette Baruch from Troppau.  He was Inspektor in the Fraenckel House of Refuge).  15.  Isaac Loebel Asch (born 1763, son of Loebel Jos. Asch and married to Rahel Lipmann Freund.  16.  Nath. Lipm. Reichenbach (merchant; born 1751 and married Roesel Moses). 17. Abrah. Hirsch. Jochem Schweizer (born 1735, married to Rahel Loebel and died 9 Feb 1819, was cattle dealer).  18. Marcus Abraham Hirsch Schweizer (tobacco products dealer; born 1773, married to general-privileged Liebche Meyer.  The number was transferred to his brother Salomon Schweizer and in 1802 to the Shammes Simon Mend. Cracauer).  19. Moses Koppel Peisker (horse dealer; born 1751, married to Hindel Samuel, transferred his number in 1801 to his son Koppel Moses Peisker). 20.  Meyer Herz Cohen (was fourage [= feed?] merchant and came from Eisenstadt, where he was born 1 Feb 1740.  His wife Jentel Wolf Pick was from Breslau) [to be continued]

Modern notes: [a] Heshel Teitelbaum wrote, 9/11/01: Roesel married Isaac Eibeschuetz, a  grandson of the famous Rabbi Jonathan Eibeschuetz of Hamburg

Notes (Back)
1. According to the "Stammbuch der Breslauschen Juden-Gemeinde", 1791, in the Archive of the Synagogen-Gemeinde, parts 1 and 2, compiled by Koenigl. Kammer-Calculator Zimmermann) = St. B., and the corresponding Community records (GA)
2. In 1776 there were in Breslau 17 and in 1791 29 General-privileged.  Their names were:  Lippm. Meyer, Hirsch Simon, Widow Freundel nee Kuh, Abrah. Joel Nauen, Berent Fraenkel, Raph. Gad, Isaac Gad, Jac. Wolf, Jer. Panofka, Abrah. Magdeburg, Meyer Itzig, Jos. Jon. Fraenkel, Loebel Mos. Heymann, Sorel Jos. Jon. Fraenckel, Joel Wolf David, Jes. Loebel Joachim, Hirsch Jac. Gotheiner, Rahel Kuh, Mos. Isaac Flesch, Dr. Koref, Mich. Schlesinger, Mdnel Panofka, Joach. Pinsk, Jes. Mos. Ries, Hirsch Bortenstein, Isaac Levy Potsdamer, Meyer Itig, Joseph Beit, Abrah. Danziger (St. B)  These 17 comprised 58 family members and 411 service personnel.
3. 1776:  19 with 103 family members and 183 service personnel
4. 1776:  152 with a clientele of 1329 persons
5. 1776:  34 with a total of 163 persons
6. in 1776 these numbered 62 officials, among them the then treasurer and later Landrabbiner Jes. Loew Berliner and the doctors Dr. Koref and Dr. Warburg; 1791 Dr. K became general privileged (see note 2)
7. Zimmermann, Gesch. Und Verfassung der Juden in Schlesien, Breslau 1791, pp 37 and 38 (Z) – Roenne and Simon, Die frueheren und gegenwartigen Berhaelnisse der Juden des Preuss. Staates, Breslau 1843, p 226 (R & S) – Brann, Gesch der Juden in Schlesien (Seminar Bericht 1913) pp 10 and 11 (Br. Schl.)
8. For a verbatim transcription see R & S pp 226 ff – The foundations of this law are suggestions submitted to the Minister by the first president Simon Hirsch with the support of the Royal Court Agent Lipman Meyer and the Assessor of the Jewish Community Fried. Alb. Zimmerman (GA, see also Fruedenthal, Die ersten Emanzipationsbestrebungen der Juden in Breslau, in Frankl-Gratz’scher Monatsschrift, vol 37, p 192)
9. These had to pay a fixed fee established by the Breslau Chamber of Commerce; they were however not given the right to bring their wives and children to Breslau, they could live only in Jewish inns and stay not longer than 4 weeks (Z, p 52)
10. That these rules were not always adhered to, and that in many instances the number was already transferred during the lifetime of the holder to one of the children, siblings, or occasionally a distant relative, can be seen in the transactions in the GA and notes in the St. book.
11. Born 1754, one of the founders of the Gesellschaft der Brueder, and from 1785 to his death 2 May 1825, president of the same.  In honor of the Berlin Kriegsrath Christ. Wilh. Dohn, who next ot Lessing was the first Christian to favor civil rights for Jews, Levin Benjamin and his father Jakob assumed the surname "Dohm".  A picture of LB Dohm hand in the office of the administrative director of our Synagogen-Gemeinde.
12. For each transfer, a fee had to be paid. Thus Beate had to pay 10 Taler to the fund of the Wilh. Schol; later in place of her father the annual assessment of 20 Taler, while her mother as general-privileged had to pay 60 Taler annually.
13. Also Brese or Breslauer, died 22 Jun 1827.  He revered and studied under Mos. Mendelssohn, and was also active literarily.  When on the death of Friedrich Wilhelm II on Sunday, 3 Dec.,  there were memorial services in the two largest of Breslau’s synagoges, M. L. Broese spoke in the Synagogue of the Gesellschaft der Brueder, Antonienstr. 30 (now 18/20, Synagoge zum Tempel).

21. Elia Israel Goldschmidt (merchant, born 1751, married to Fradel Scheftel Wolf.  A daughter Guetel-Jettel was the wife of Seelig Esaias Goldscheider and a son born 1785 was Salom. Elias Goldschmidt, who died 6 Nov 1842.  This son was the "Eduard Goldschmidt", member of the board of the Gesellschaft der Brueder from 1865-74, father of Mich. Goldschmidt).  22.  Lipmann Meyer Luebner (leather dealer, born 1732, married to Esther Salomon and died 29 Apr 1796.  In 1810 the numer was transferred to his oldest son Salomon Lipmann Luebner, the husband of Hinde Kolker). 23. Seelig Loebel Goldstuecker (tobacco products merchant, born 1741 and married to Voegele Lachmann.  His son Samuel Seelig Goldstuecker received, born 1771, married to Makla Joachim, received the number in 1810).  24.  Lazarus Samuel Bruck (cattle dealer; born 1745, married to Kehle Loebel and died 1802.  His brother Ascher Sam. Bruck received the number and then his son Isaac Ascher Bruck).  25. Elias Joseph Pulvermacher (dry goods merchant; born 1741, married to Rebecca Abraham). 26. David Elias Pulvermacher (‘herrschaftlicher Kommissar’ = some sort of gov’t position, born 1763, married 26 May 1795 Jette Fraenckel, daughter of General-privileged Edel Fraenckel [14], the daughter of of the "Koenigl geordneten" Landrabbiner Jos. Jonas Fraenckel [15]).  On her father’s side, Jette Fraenckel was granddaughter of the Berlin Landrabbiner Dav. Fraenckel [16], who had previously been called to Dessau,  and had been Moses Mendelssohn’s teacher).  27. Abrah. Jeremias Heinersdorf (cattle dealer, born 1759, married first to Nache Samuel Schweizer and 2nd to Juditha Hillel Joach., married Karo, before 1795 treasurer and 1815 Pflegevater [lit. foster father] of the Gesellschaft der Brueder and died 18 Apr 1818. He was a noble and outgoing man, and Marc. Beer Friedenthal judged him thus:  "Regarding Heinersdorf, no further concatenation of words of praise is necesssary to celebrate his name.  He conscientiousness and honesty in business circles, good intentions and sacrifice in executing good deeds.  Here slander and envy must be gratingly silent[17]).  28. Loebel Hentschel (born 1759, married to Rahel Nathan, died 30 Oct 1813).  29.  Simon Beer Guttentag (cattle dealer, born 1763, married to Reichel Loebel and died 19 Apr 1825, was assessor, member of the Commission to furnish the Temple, and member of the small committee of the Gesellschaft der Brueder.  His son was Sanitaetsrat Dr. Sam. Sim. Guttentag).  30. Hirschel Loebel Lipm. Koebner (leather dealer, born 1753, married Rechel Salomon).  31.  Baruch Hirschel Wuettemberg (scholar, married to Chaye Roesel).  32. Itzig Hirschel Rulda (born 1743, tobacco products merchant, married Sara David, who died Sept. 1795.  At the instigation of Syndikus Dohm, his number was withdrawn, as he had sold it to Gottlieb Mattersdorf from Auras for 300 Taler, and on 28 Nov 1800 it was transferred to Ascher Abrah. Leipziger, fiance of Hindel, daughter of Pincus Simon).  33. Joachim Wolf Poppers (merchant, born 1747, married to Basche Loebel).  34.  Esther, widow of Jonas Loebel and daughter of Moses Schweizer (born 1733.  Her son then received the number.  Loebel Jonas Schweizer was the Community’s bookkeeper, and he transferred the number to his sister Gohle, married to Hirsch Keppel Blech from Friedland).  35.  Aaron Joach. Stern (merchant, born 1755, married to Kehle Benjamin Mohr and died 29 Nov 1825).  36. Israel Fabian Schweizer (born 176, married 24 Feb 1796 Jette, daughter of Wolff  Israel Kalisch [18] and died 21 Dec. 1825.  He was nephew [son of a sister of] the Polish Shammes [19] and dry goods merchant Simon Mos. Schweizer).  37. Israel Mos. Hausdorf (born 1757, married since 1794 to Recha Magnus from Berlin).  38.  Salomon Loebel Zwettels (money changer, born 1759, married to Henne Jonas Schweizer and died 9 Nov 1806. He was second Pflegevater [literally ‘foster father’] and later legal adviser of the Gesellschaft der Brueder).  39. Loebel Salomon Traub (born 1759 and married to Genendel Seelig).  40.  Loebel Salomon Munk (money changer, born 1731, married first to Chaje Abraham and second to Liebe Jakob.  In 1806 his number was transferred to his son Abrah. Loebel Munk, who was living in Rawicz and had married Chaje Deborah Beer.  After she died, Abrah. Loebel married his niece Lea Saul Katzenellenbogen from Graetz [20]).  41. Abraham Hirsch Moll [21] (merchant, born 1749 and married second to Esther Simon Zelle from Berlin.  In 1801 the number was transferred to his daughter Roesel, married to Barch Joseph Marcuse [22]).  42. Jacob Joachim Gotheiner (feed purveyor, born 737 and married to Sarah Abraham.  The number was transferred in 1809 to his granddaughter Sophie Berel G., the wife of Jak. Isr. Flatow, who died 1 Apr 1829).  43. Dav. Mendel Fraenkel (merchant, born 1737, and married to Chaje Scheftel).  44. Mayer Jak.  Fraenkel (merchant, born 1736 and married to Guetel Michael – In 1805 his son-in-law Lachmann Seelgi Goldstuecker, husband of Rachel Fraenkel received the number.  After she died 30 Oct 1804, he married her sister Edel).  45. Sam. Seelig Levy (money changer, born 1741, and married to Juettel Samuel.  Their daughter Kehle married on 1 Sept 1794 the taecher Abrah. Heym. Loebel Schlesinger).  46.  Loebel Victor Rosenberg (feed purveyor; born 1744 and married to Voegele Isaac Kuh).  47.  Feist Suesskind Hilsbacher (feed purveyor, born 1754; wife:  Rebecca Isaach Pick [23], died July 1801.  His son was Lieutenant Mayer Hilsbach[24], who fell at Gross-Goerschen in the Wars for Independence [this is how the Napoleonic Wars are called in Germany], about whom Lips, in Staatsbuergerrecht der Juden, p 152 reports as follows: "The wonderful act of the volunteer Hilsbach from Breslau is well-known.  Wounded twice, as he was being carried to the rear on the King’s orders, his company borke.  Hilsbach said ‘How, brothers, would you leave your King and country?  See, I’m wounded, but I’ll keep fighting with you’.  With these words he turned around, the entire line followed him and won, but Hilsbach was killed by a third shot, just as the Royal Personal Physician was hurrying to the Lieutenant’s side on the battlefield".  His body lies in the Claasssen Street cemetery, and his tombstone inscription, which is severely weathered, carried the number 2582[25]).  48.  BendixJak. Landsberg (born 1763 and married to Mariam Joachim.  His duaghter eva married Nathan Sam. Brody)..  49. Esaias Leobel Fraenkel (merchant, born 1741 and married to Rebecca Wolf Pick).  5. Jos. Bezallae (born 1737, married to Malke Benjamin Ginsberg and died 6 May 1796.  The number was transferred to son Israel B. on 5 Aug 1796.  Isr. B. was married to Hannchen Breinersdorf since 18 Nov. 1793). 51.  Loebel Jac. Fraenkel (born 1735 and married to Nache Itzig, was a money changer).  52.  Ascher (Amschel) Abrah. Cohn (money changer, born 1751 and married to Chaile Loebel).

Notes (Back)
14. Died 7 Elul 1816 (tombstone 2273 at the Claasen Street cemetery; her youngest son was the well-known Kommerzienrat Jonas Fr. And she herself was a member of the board of the "Vocational School".  In her marriage to Joel Wolff Fraenckel (born 31 Dec 1746, died 30 Dec. 1819), who had a wholesale and retail dealership in Russian leather in the Junkerngasse, she does not appear to have been happy:  the spouses lived separately from 1780, and in a letter of 15 Jan 1795, Joel Wolf protested against the marriage of his daughter (GA).
15. Actually Yizchak Joseph ben Chaijim Jonah Teomim, married at 18 to Treine, daughter of a rich Polish Jews, was about 1740 Rabbi in Krakow, settled in Breslau a few years later, founded here a "dealership" that specialized in exporting Silesian wool, linen, and silk goods to Poland, Lithuania, and Russa, and in 1755 became Landrabbiner with an annual salary of 444 Talers.  He earned much from the congregation, particularly from the Khevra Kadishah and burials, and was lucky in his business dealings right from the start.  His fortune was on the order of 10,000 Taler, for his general privilege, granted on 1 Jun 1764, he paid a sum 1455 ducats.  His residence was situated at the present No. 18/20 Antonienstrasse, and he died 16 Marcheschwan 5554 (1793).  For more, see:  Graetzer, Gesch der israelitischen Kranken-Verpflegungs-Anstalt zu Breslau pp 16-17 and Brann, Gesch des Landrabbinats in Schlesien (Jubelschrift zum 70. Geburtstage von Prof. Graetz p 252ff)
16. Born in Berlin about 1707 and died there 1762.  His ancestor was Aharon Heller-Wallerstein (about 1530), whose descendants moved for Swabia to Prague and Vienna and in the expulsion of Jews from the latter in 1670 moved to Berlin.  Bejamin Fraenckel was already president over all the Jews in the Mark  in 1673, and his grandson David later Oberlandesrabbiner of Berlin.—Also the director of the Dessauer Franzschule and editor of the magazine "Sulamit", Dr. David Fr., as well as Adelheid, the intellectual and charming wife of the antiquary Dr. Leop. Zunz, as well as the disloyal to Judaism Dr. Eduard Gans in Berlin belonged to this branch of the Fraenckel family.  (Landshuth: Toldoth Aniche haschem p 35 and Brann, Gesch des jued. Theolgo. Sem. P 7)
17. Brann, Gesch der Gesellschaft der Brueder p 41
18. Owner of Stamm-Nummer 2
19. The Polish Shammes were not Synagogue or Community officials, but the holders of the power of attorney and legal advisors of the "Polish business Jews".  The economy of Breslau rested particularly on the trade with Poland, and the strict Breslau Chamber of Commerce loved to revile them, and "tolerated" them.  The position originated in the in the year 1670, the entire Great Polish Jewish Community took out a loan of 12,120 Taler from the Breslau merchant Christoph Bressler, for whose payment all of the Jews trading in Breslau acted in concert, and therefore 2 salaried Shammes were hired, who since 1694 levied assessments against Polish Jewish merchants coming to Breslau.  These shammes soon became the richest people in the Community and understood how to make themselves indispensible after payment of the debt.  Thus there were in 1697 4 Shammes in Breslau, 11 in 1722, 6 in 1737 and even in the period 1776-1810, they still existed.  (Brann, Landrab. P 225)
20. Probably a daughter of the same and sister of Krotschin Rabbi Katzenellenbogen (for more on her see Heppner – Herzberg, Aus Vergangenheit und Gegenwart der Juden in den Posener Landen, p 421 and 568).
21. He signed "Molling" and is also called thus in various places in the GA
22. From Landsberg a. d. Warthe and first assumed the name "Marcuse" in Breslau.  According to the Passport made out to him on 1 Dec 1794 by the "Senior Mayor, Mayor, and City Council" of th ecity, he was named Barrach Joseph, was of short stature and brown countenance, had black hair, no bead and wore on his exit a green jacket, a fur vest and green leggings – his son was Dr. Herm. (Hirsch) Marcuse, born 28 Mar 1796 (GA)
23. She is reported as nee Levy in the GA
24. Born 15 Sept 1793 and fell 13 Iyar 5572 (1813) – In addition to him, the Breslauer Jewish volunteers Julius Burgheim and Lazarus Zuelschauer also fell at Gr.-Goerschen.

53. Saul Falk (merchant, born 1759 and marreid to Grette Mendel Bruck [26].  54. Dr. Jeremias Warburg from Derenburg (physician at the Hospital of the israelitische Krankenverpflgegungsanstalt, born 1747 and died 11 Mar 1818 [27].  His wife was named Feilche and his daughter Marianne; she was married to Dr. med. Zadig, who was later baptised). -- On 9 Mar 1802[28] the number was transferred to Salom Loebel Friedeberg [29]. – 55. Salom. Jak. Hollschau (born 1741, married to Marianne Abraham and died 10 Aug 1802.  His sons Hirsch Salomon born 1772 , died 8 Apr 1838 and Joseph Salomon born 1779 and died 4 Apr 1861 were Royal Lottery collectors. – In 1803 the number was transferred to daughter Johanna Salom.  Hollschau, married to Mos. Michaelsohn [30].  56.  Hirsch Abrah. Kuh (Herrschaftlicher Kommissionar, born 1759 and died Dec 1792.  His wife was Rebecca  Mos. Gottheiner, who married Heym. Pincus in 1793).  In 1809 son Abrah. Kuh received the number. – 57.  Meyer Loebel Ginsberg (Polish broker, born 1756, married to Rebecca Salom. Wiener and died 14 May 1818).  8.  Hannah, widow of Meyer Friedlaener (born 1741).  Foster daughter Breindel Lemel, married to Wofl Bendix Oppenheimer received the number in 1793. – 59. Schaje Berel Goldscheider (merchant, born 1733 and married to Rahel Joel).  60. Magnus Ruben Hesse (merchant, born 1737, married Hanna Lipmann – also called Leffmann Cohnt – and died March 1799).  The oldest daughter Jette, married to Philipp Simon, Ginsberg, received the number in 1804 – 61.  Sim. Wolf Fraustaedter (mortgage broker, born 1745 and married to Zipre Aron Joel).  In 1809 son Kaskel received the number – 62.  Feibisch Kaskel Domberow (merchant, born 1751 and died 7 Dec 1796).  1797 the number was transferred to his wive Eva Joseph and in 1806 it was transferred to Loebel Isaac Lasker.  63.  Elkan Joach, Stern (merchant, born 1768, brother of Stamm-Numerant 35 and married to Gohle Sam. Schweitzer.  Ater the 14 May 1793 death of her husband, who died of stab wounds received on 30 April, she married Jos. Salom. Plessner).  64.  Sam. Laz. Cantor (Kanter) (merchant, born 1745 and married to Sara Moses).  65. Jac. Bendix [31] Landsberg (born 1745 and married to Juettel David).  Son David Jak. L. received the number in 1809. – 66. Beerel Zadock (cattle dealer, born 1731 and married to Matel Moses). Daughter Bela, married Pink. Burchart, received the number in 1810.  67.  Jak. Hirsch Josel (merchant, born 1731, married to Hanna Heymann and died 25 May 1799).  Son Wolf Jak. Joel, born 1771, received the number. – 68.  Loebel Joach. Schweitzer (cattle dealer, born 1748, and married to Zirel).  69.  Dr. med. Elias Henschel [32] (born in Breslau 4 Apr 1755, married to Freudel Jette Freund and died 20 Aug 1839).  As Dr. H. did not accept the number, it was transferred to his brother, Abraham, born 1749 and married to Hanna Salomon.  70.  Loebel Suessk. Bornau (born 1745 and married to Marjam Moses).  71.  Bejamin Mos. Oberndorfer [33](Owner of a whalebone factory, born 1745 and married to Malke, daughter of Marc, Mich. Zuckermann, the greatgrandfather of the Seminary Dozent (Instructor) Dr. Benedict Zuckermann, born 13 Oct 1818 and died 17 Dec 1891).  72. Bendix Marc. Zuckermann [34] (merchant, born 1750 and married to Judith Loebel).  Daughter Rechel, married to Bonem Abraham received the number in 1809.  73.  Tanchen Isaac Seeligmann (cattle dealer, born 1773 and married to Jente Jacob).  Daughter Rebecca, married to the artist Raph. Abrah. Biow (born Oct 1773, and died 20 Oct 1836).  74. Merle Hirsch Sinai, widow (leather dealer, born 1743).  In 1798 the number was transferred to son-in-law [35] Rakar Polner and in 1801 to Mich. Abrah. Josephi.  75. Loebel Avigdor Haenel (Haehnel or Hendel) (Community employee, born 1753, married to Lea Jon. Schweitzer and died 3 Mar 1803).  76. Abrah Juda Balentin (Handelsmann, born 1741 and married to Pessel Isaac).  77. Joach. Hirschel (born 1741 and married to Golde Hillel).  In 1803 the oldest son Juda Heym. Sina received the number. – 78.  Jos. Marc. Elias Wurzel (merchant, born 1735 and married first to Malke Loebel in second to Elke from Dyhernfurth, widow of Nath. Loebel).  1810 the number was transferred to daughter Sara married to Isaac Gottschalck. – 79.  Isaac Mos. Lithauer (tobacco products merchant, born 1767, married to Edel Kywe and died 4 Apr 1807).  80.  Jac. Loebel Schlesinger (cattle dealer, born 1746 and married to Ziwie Joachem).  In 1801 son Loebel Jacob Schlesinger received the number. – 81.  Abrah. Jac. Gotheiner (merchant, born 1764 and married to Roeschen Marcus, daughter of Berlin gen. Privileg. Israel M).  Number 81 was therefore transferred to brother Beerel I. G., married to Semie Marc. Pick.  82.  Samson Mar. Sklower [36] (Shammes or broker, born 1741, married to Schoene Hillel and died May 1800).  The number was transferred in 1801 to son Loebel Samson Skl., senior Shammes (married to Kela Feibisch) and on his death (1806) to Marc. Levin, son of Loebel Sams. Skl.  83. Jeremias Isaac Prinz (born 1725 and married to Rose Jacob, born 1736).  In 1797 the number was transferred to daughter Behla (born 1756) married to Lazarus Salom. Kroh [37]).  84. Hirsch Gabriel Chawack (Chafack) (Leather dealer, born 1764 and married to Rahel Sam. Pick).  85. Hirschel Zacharias Frankenstein (merchant, born 1751and married to Fradel Joseph).  86.  Juda Aron Wartenberg (wine merchant, born 1741 and died 1801).  The number went in 1801 to the daughter of his sister, Esther, married to Loebel Wolff, and in 1802 from her to her oldest daughter, Rebecca Loebel Wolff, and in 1811 back to Esther Loebel Wolff.  87.  Beerel Israel (born 1726, married to Schoene Mos. Frankfurthand died Nov 1793).  The number went to the widow and in 1794 to the son Israel Beerel, who took the name Franck.  His oldest brother Mendel was Cantor at the Synagoge of the Gesellschaft der Brueder. 88. Bendix Mos. Schnitzler (Levy) (born 1761 and married to Zippora Beer Frankfurth).  89.  Beerel Abrah. Potschel (born 1737 and married to Reichel Lipm. Freund).  90.  Salom. Epstein (born 1753, married to Lea Breinersdorff and died 22 Oct 1823).  91. Jac. Epstein (born 1751 and married to Hannch. Englaender).  92. Dav. Wolf Bloch (Block) (born 1739 and married to Roesch. Marcus).  In 1807 son Wolff, born 1778, received the number.  93. Is. Jac. Wolff Paierls (money changer, born 1735).  In 1810 the number went to his son Joel Wolff, born 1765.  He married Mirjam (Marianne) Lazarus and married 20 Aug 1821.  94. Jac. Sam. Fraenckel (called himself Jak. Sam. Kuffka from Feb 1797) (dry goods merchant, born 1736 and married to Marjam Scheftel).  In 1812 the number was transferred to his daughter Esther Mindel, married to Hirsch Rubensohn (died 9 Sept 1842).  95. Mendel Bezalel (Beer) Burgheim (born 1745 and married to Juettel Salomon).  96.  Dav. Sim. Levy (cattle dealer, born 1747 and married to Rahel Israel (Magnus)).  In 1811 the number was transferred to son Israel Dav. L.  97. Loebel Nath. Ginsberg (Shammes or Polish broker, born 1729, married with Chaje Samuel and died 22 Apr 1794).  His son Samuel received the number.  98.  Loebel Lippm. Haendel (born 1741 and married to Rose Moses).  In 1799 his daughter Rebecca married to Heym. Oppenheimer received the number.  99. Jak. Aaron’s Heirs of Jerislaw. [The meaning is unclear]

Notes (Back)
26. called "Lisetta nee Baron" in GA
27. More about Dr. Warburg in Dr. Graetzer’s "Geschichte der israelitischen Krankenverpflegungs-Anstalts  zu Breslau".  Breslau 1841 pp 33,55, 58 and 66
28. Not 1809!  Acordingly, Brann, "Geschichte der Gesellschaft der Brueder" p 58, No 115, should be corrected.
29. Died 31 Dec 1829 and was a brother of Bernh. Loebel Mark.
30. Died 12 Dec 1836
31. Called "Juda Salom. L" in GA
32. His parents were poor, conscientious and strictly pious people  Secretly, in an attic,  the boy learned the German alphabet and every piece of printed paper had to serve for his reading practice.  He became a sales assistant and later servant for Dr. Warburg, from whom he earned 4 Taler monthly.  With this he eked out his subsistence and learned Latin from a Sekundaner for 10 silver Groschen.  [Sekunda is the next to the last grade of Gymnasium]. In 1785 a generous co-religionist finally granted him an annual stipend of 200 Taler for two years, he went to the University in Halle and returned to Breslau as a graduated physician.  Here he became one of  the busiest and most popular doctors.  (For more about him see:  "Dr. Davidsohn:  Dr. Elias Henschel in seinem Leben und 50 jaehrigen Wirken als Arzt und Geburtshelfer, Breslau 1837).
33. Was Mohel:  His mohel book (1777-1800) is in the Community Archive. – Benj. Mos. Obernd. Appears to have been a rich man; for he obligated himself, to pay for 2250 of furnishings, a 300 Taler gift to bride, plus a number of books on the marriage of his son Isaac (born 1775) to the daughter of Schie Beerisch in Rawicz, a granddaughter of the Glogauer Rabbi Dow Beerisch.  (GA)
34. Son-in-law of the above-mentioned Obernd., a respected man, who already before the Emancipation received the right, generally limited to gen. Privileg of buying a lot in the city in his own name.
35. A second son-in-law was the outstanding Hebraist Prof. Joel Loewe, called Joel Bril ben R. Jehuda Loeb, who died in Breslau 11 Feb. 1802, as a teacher at the Royal Wilhelmsschule.
36. Was a brother of Mordechai b. Israel Isser Skl, who founded a beth hamidrash on the Goldene Radegasse and paid for its continuance: the "Volhynian-Lithuanian" shul, or the "Sklower Shul".
37. Born 1768, was president of the Gesellschaft der Brueder and for many years president of the Upper Administrative College of the Synagogengemeinde and died 30 Jan 1838.

100 Henoch Abrah. Kuttenplon, Tobacco products merchant 9born 1719 and married to Gutel Scheftel).  In 1795 daughter Miriam received the number.  She was married to Elkan Mendel (died 1798).  101. Hirsch Salom. Mire (born 1735 and died 22 Oct 1799).  The number was transferred in 1800 to his daughter Mirel (born 1773), married to Dav. Ludw. Heymann.  102.  Loebel Sams. Wuekheim, merchant (bron 1757 and married to Kehle Malke Koppel, born 1768)[38].  103. Feibisch Wolf Kauders, merchant, (born 1739 and married to Rahel wolf, born 1747).  104.  Mos. Nachm. Mir (born 1737, married to Esther Marcus, born 1776, and died 21 Jul 1793).  The widow married Josua Beer [39] from Rawicz on 6 Mar 1794, and the number was reserved for the child Nachm. Mir.  105.  Laz. Mos. Muensterberg [40] (born 1766 and married to Schoene Joseph, same age).  106. Leffmann Joel Peiner, dry goods merchant (born 1744 and married to Eke Freund, born 1761).  The number was promised to daughter Reindel, born 1777; she married Jak. Pincus Ollendorf [41] 23 Nov 1794.  107. Tobias Aaron Halberstaedter (born 1743 and married to Debora Esaias, born 1739).  In 1804 niece  Taeubchen H,  who was to marry Rath. Balentin [Nath. Valentin is more likely] Oldenburg, received the number.  108.  Rehem. Loebel Kalkstein [more likely Nehem.], merchant, (born 1741 and married to Hadassa Salomon, born 1747).  Daughter Friederike, born 1783 and married to Israel Berel Frank received No. 109 [sic, should be 108] in 1803. 109.  Salom.  Nehem. Kalkstein, son of the previous (born 1765 and married to Rosechen Salomon, born 1771).  110.  Merchant Feist Herz Pick (born 1763 and married to Behle Salomon, born 1765).  111.  Berel Marc. Pick (born 1772). His mother Esther was the widow of Marc. P.  112.  Money changer Benjam. Nath. Ginsberg (born 1739 and married to Muscat (?) [? The author’s, not the translator’s "?"] Wolff, born 1749).  Son Wolf Benjamin G. [42] received the number in 1796 – 113. Sim. Mos. Schweitzer, Shammes or broker,  (born 1741, married to Hanna Kywe (born 1749, died 1800) and died 1801.  In 1802 niece Lea Fabian Schweitzer received the number. [yes, there’s a missing )].  – 114.  Aaron Abrah. Bruck , Russian broker (born 1737 and married to Glueckel Loebel, born 1758).  In 1798 daughter Philippine, married to Abrah. Peretz, received the number.  115. Benj. Jak. Dohm [43] (born 1731, married to Chaje Loebel (born 1739 and died Feb. 1798), died 27 Sept. 1798).  In addition to the man mentioned in the following number, Assessor and Syndikus Lewin Benjamin Dohm, this couple also had two daughters. Schiffre (born 1768) and Reichel (born 1772 and married to Dr. Gura, Kreissyndikus in Kempen).  In 1810 the number was transferred to granddaughter Juditta Dohm, married to Louis Bloch.  116. Lewin (Loebel) Benjam. Dohm [44].  His wife, whose age was the same as his, Rebecca Dav. Berliner [45], was the daughter of the Senior Rabbi of Altona and the niece of Breslau Landrabbiner Esaias Loeb Berliner, who had no. 117.  Children of his marriage were:  Moses (born 1787), David (born 1789), Jonas (born 1791), Sorel (born 1777 and married 1796 to Gen. Privileg. Israel Panoffka [46]), Judeith (born 1782), and Handel (born 1788).  117.  Esaias Loew Berliner [47] (born 1725, married to Fromet Wolff Pick (born 1735) and died as Breslau Landrabbiner on 13 may 1799.  The children of this marriage were:  Salomon (died 1795), Benjamin, Wolff, David, Meyer, Jomtob or Lippmann, Korendel (married Jan 1793 to Lazarus Michael) and Zorel (married to Jos. Mich. May).  118. Balentin Rath. Oldenburg(er) [more likely Valentin Nath.], dry good merchant, (married to Merle Esaias Berliner).  In 1807 the number was transferred to a daughter married to Ascher Sam. Kufka.  119.  Merchant Mich. Salom. Freyhan (born 1753 and married to Liebe Abraham, born the same year).  120.  Alex. Loebel Friedeberg, herschafftlicher Makler [broker to nobility or the gov’t] (born 1762 and since 18 Dec 1791 married to Behle Abraham.  121. Loew Beer Ottensoesser, banker (born 1743) In 1803 the number was transferred to nephew Wolff O.  122. Jos. Dan. Fuerst, merchant (born 1736, married to Juettel Abraham (born 1753) and died Nov. 1812). The widow then married Gen. Privileg. Gad.  In 1797 the number was transferred to son Levi (Loebel) Fuerst, who was married to Rebecca Wolff Friedlaender (died 1802) from Koenigsberg.  123. Horse purveyor Mos. Fischel (born 1741).  He had five sons:  David, Samuel, Salmon, Meyer and Simon, and five daughters:  Esther, Rebecca and Chaje.  124.  Mend. Salom. Tarlow (born 1741 married to Roesel Fischel (born 1753) and died Oct. 1793.  The number was transferred in 1794 to daughter Peierl, born 1773 and married on 27 Aug. 1794 Sams. Marc. Litthauer.  125.  Itzig Mos. Zuelzer, feed purveyor (born 1755, married to Guettel Ascher (born 1763)  and died on 25 Jan 1795 in Pel-kau [word blurred]).  In 1812 the number went to the oldest son Samuel Itzig Z. (born 1786).  126.  Seelig Jos. Bezalel (born 1763 and married to Hale Lazarus (born 17-5, married to Juditha Salom.  B---- from Koeslin and later divorced from her.  On 24 Aug 1794 he married the merchant Schoenchen Mos. Frankfurth.  128 Rahel Zacharias Pluemkin (born 1770, married to Kaskel Victor Stahl from Glogau and died 17 Mar 1795, a few weeks after the wedding.  The widower then married Voegele Leibisch Joachim.  129. Meyer Goetzel Kolker, Polish broker (born 1746 and married to Sorel Itzig, born 1756).  In 1811 the number transferred to his youngest daughter Chaje (Helena, born 1785 an married to Enoch Itzig Oldenburg.  130.  Kaskel Sam. Breinersdorf, horse dealer (born 1743 and married to Breindel Joseph, born 1753.  (conclusion to follow).

Notes (Back)
38 The children of this marriage were:  Koppel, born 24 Nov 1791, Juettel, born 1790 and died March 1792, Samuel, born 15 Dec. 1795 and died Aug. 1861, Fromet born 1796 and Hitzel , born 17 May 1799.
39 Was a son of the Glogau Rabbi and was born there 1761.
40 His son Meyer, born 1791 and died 10 Jun 1855, was member of the Committee of the Gesellschaft der Brueder and his son Albert was a member of the board of directors.
41 J. P. Ollendorf or Ollendorfer obtained the number on 1 Jun 1794 and died 10 Nov 1815.
42 Born 1774, married to Serel Alexander and died 25 Oct 1831
43 The original Schutzbrief of Benj. Jak. Dohm and his son Lewin Benj. Dohm can be found in the Community Archive
44 See note. 11
45 She was a member of the first board of directors of the Breslau Industrieschule (Brann, Geschichte der Industrieschule, Breslau 1901), p 14).
46 See note 2.  Isr. P. was born 1749 and died 1 Mar 1830
47 Kayserling writes, in his "Die juedische Literatur von Mendelssohn bis auf die Gegenwart", Trier 1896, p 43, of this R. Jesaias Berlin:  JB who was extremely well-read and had an encompassing knowledge of this area of Jewish writing, critically annotated the Mishnah and Babylonian Talmud -- ---, annotated and wrote a commentary on "Sheeltoth" and edited various other works left behind as manuscripts, in part now lost, of which the posthumously published under the title "Haflach She-ba-Arachin" is the most significant.  – Jes. Berlin was from Eisenstadt, the birthplace of the famed Rabbie Akiva Eger, who also lived and studied in Breslau as a 14-year-old boy.

131. Hirschel Sam. Schlesinger, horse dealer, (born 1751 and married to Roesel Tanchen Seelgimann, born 1772).  132. Jak. Zacharias Lazarus (born 1743 and married to Rahel Gers. Lazarus, born 1749).  In 1805 the number was transferred to son-in-law Sander Meyer [48].  133. Bezalel Isr. Wesel (born 1751 and married to Guetel Isaac, born 1761).  On 4 Jun 1797, the number was transferred to daughter Rahel, born 1781 and married to Wolff Sim. Goldstein.  134. Selig Jos. Cohn (born 1745, married to Bona Selig Freund and died 1808).  The number was transferred to son-in-law Mor. Louis (Ludw.) Cohn (Cuhno, died 15 Apr 1820), the husband of his daughter Hannchen.  135.  Leffm. Mos. Cohnt.  On the death of the owner, the number  the number went to his widow Schoendel, born Fraenckel, and in 1797 to the oldest son Jos. Leffm. C. (born 1753 and married to Hanna Hirsch from Koenigsberg).  136.  Merchant Jak. Marc. Zuckermann (born 1759 and married to Hanna Loeser, born 1769).  137.  Baruch Dav. Wesel [49], merchant (born 1764, married to Nissel Loebel, born 1767, and died 1839).  138.  Esaias Nath. Glatzer (bron 1739 and marreid to Chaje, born 1741;  daughter Rahel married Sam. Hirsch Lublin [50], and another, Henne, Joach. Nathan Friedlaender).  139.  Feist Philipson (born 1751 and marreid to Hadassa Israel, born 1761).  140.  Jos. Nath. Hausmann, realtor (born 1743 and married to to Schoendel Hirsch, born 1767).  In 1810 the nubmer went to daughter Voegele, married to Abrah. Joachimsohn.  141.  Joach.  Salom. Loebenheim, dry good merchant (born 1759, married to Matel Koppel, born 1763, and died 23 Dex. 1801).  Oldest daughter Edel, married to Beer Isaac Bodstein, received the number.  142.  Salom.  Joach. Plessner (born 1738).  Daughter Reine, born 1771, married Loebel Salom. Meschullem on 24 Jan 1794, and the children of this marriage were:  a daughter who died young, then the sons Salomon [51] (born 15 Apr 1797), Samuel [52] (born 19 Jan 1799) and Itzig [53] (born 13 Mar 1801).  143. Scheftel Wolff, Shammes or broker (married second Hanna Abrah. Meyer, the niece of Court Jew Lippm. Meyer, and died 3 May 1796).  In 1800 the number was transferred to Esaias Veitel Boehm, and since he already had a Gen. Privileg, in 1805 to Fradel Goldschmidt, a granddaughter of Scheftel W. from his first marriage.  In 1806 a daughter of the same, Jettel Elias Goldschmidt, received the number.  144.  Zachar.  Lippm. Freund (born 1748 and married to Nachme Moses, born 1755).  In 1805 oldest son Aaron Zach. Fr. (born 1755) received the number. 145.  Isaak Jak. Beer (born 1733 and married to Esther Abrah. Lazarus, born 1735).  In 1795, the number went to Jak. Salom.  Wollheim, born 1745.  He had 4 sons (Samuel, Salomon [54], Hirsch and Joachim) and 3 daughters (Rebecca, married to Zach. Goldstuecker, Lea and Mindel).  146.  Aaron Mos. Oppenheimer (born 174 and married to Kroendel S. Pick born 1758 and died 1800).  In 1805 Ascher Hartung obtained the number.  147.  Mich. Leobel May, book dealer (born 1733, married to Rechel Meyer, born 1735 and died 5 Jan 1795).  Son Jos. Mich. May, husband of Zore Berliner, received the number.  From this marriage came:  Michel (born 21 Nov 1795), Rebecca (born 3 Jun 1797), and Hanna (born 31 Jul 1798).  148.  Mich. Sim. May (born 1763 and married to Jente Abraham, born 1769).  150.  Aaron Zadek [55] from Hordenka, cattle dealer (born 1728, married to Minka Baruch, born 1747, and died 6 Feb 1797).  Of his sons, the one was physician, the other merchant; the oldest daughter Matel was married to Gen. Privileg. Abrah. Danziger.  151. Loebel Abrah. Milch, cattle dealer (born 1753 and married to Liebe Hirsch Stahl, born 1751).  152. Bros. Schweitzer:  Heymann (born 1746, married Kroess, born 1758, and died May 1803) and Gottschalk (born 1748).  The latter was found dead in a body of water near Poepelwitz and buried May 1793.  In 1810 the number passed to Julius Heym. Schweitzer (married to widow Sabatkin).  In 1803 son Meyer Joachimson, married to Pessel Philippsohn,  received the number.  154.  Isaac Bedix Sondheim, Agent of the Prince of Wuerttemberg, (vorn 1763 and married to Estehr Joseph, born 1765).  155. Mendel Isaac Oettinger (Oettlinger, and previously called Glogauer[56]) (born 1754 [57]), married with Behle Meyer, born 1766, and died 7 Nov 1833).  [Yes, there’s an extra )].  156.  Jak. Salomon or Neisser (born 1763 and married to Hanna Neisser, born 1766, who was the actual owner of the number).  In 1803 it was transferred to Dav. Loebel Sklower and his wife Essther, nee Jos. May.  157.  Seelig Jaffa (born 1751 and married to Deli Goldschmidt from Berlin, born 1762). In 1798 the No. was transferred to Zippora Loebel Freideberg, married to Hirsch Elias goldschmidt. 158.  Marc. Isaac Simony (born 1739).  In 1797 the number went to his daughter Zippora, marrie dto Bernhard Leobel Marck, as Simony had already died.  Marck took his father-in-law’s given name as his surname and died 19 Nov. 1832.  His brother was S. L. Friedeberg, already mentions under No. 54.  159.  Abrah. Dav. Leffmann (born 1753 and married to Rebecca Bezalel 9since 12 Oct. 1792).  160.  Loebel Wolff Pick (born 1737 and married to Edel Joel, born 1735).  His son Wolff Loebel Pick was married to Jetttel, daughter of Jos. Marc. Wurzel.

Notes (Back)
48.  Was in 1829 first legal advisor to the Gesellsch d. Brued. And died 6 Nov 1846.
49. Was the son of the Community penmanship teacher Prof. Dav. Loebel Wesel from Vienna (Brann, Gesch d Gesellsch d Brued, p 72)
50. Also called Lubliner; born 1763 and died on 2 Tevet (before 1821).
51. Was the well-known preacher and Hebraist who died in Posen.  For more about him, see the Liebermann Calendar 1885, p 39 ff, from the pen of his grandson Dr. Hartwig Hirschfeld;  furthermore, see Kayerling "Die. Jud. Lit", Trier 1896 pp 78 and 79
52. Died age 11
53. Died age 30
54. Gorn 1779 and died 19 Dec 1848.  His sons were:  Dr. med. Herm. Salom. W. (died 16 Sept 1855) and Louis (died 17 May 1871)
55. The home tutor of his children was the famous Salomon Maimon (born 1754 and died 22 Nov 1800).
56. He was from Glogau, where his sons Joseph and Marcus were also born.  The oldest son was Rabb-Verweser in Berlin [This is a Community position whose translation I do not know].
57. According to Brann, Gesch d Gesellsch d Brued, p 66, Mend. I. Oettinger was born 1738, which does not however appear to be correct.