News & Noteworthy:
Articles Concerning Sex Offender Issues ©
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Updated as news and court cases becomes available. Topics, issues, court cases, and consequences facing former sex offenders and those accused (adults & juveniles), in prison, jail, civil commitment and LifeAfter in society. The truth about recidivism, dangerousness, registration, community notification, harassment -to- vigilantism, therapy, and community issues of housing, employment and schools. United Nations human rights issues addressed. Site keeps advocates, criminal justice and mental health professionals, and public policy decision makers up to date.
News & Noteworthy: Charts Library
These charts may be copied and used so long as our
News & Noteworthy ©, "Copyright 2006 - All Rights Reserved"
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California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation (CDCR):

Sex offender Recidivism Rates:

For 4,287 Sex Offenders Released on parole in 2003 and followed for 3 years
Recidivism Rates: All California sex offenders released in 2003
"An Assessment of Current Management Practices of Adult Sex Offenders in California"
Pub: Jan 2008 by California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation (CDCR):

New Offense Type 1st Year 2nd Year 3rd Year Total
Sex Offense 2.43% (104) .84% (36) .28% (12) 3.55% (152)
Non Sex Offense 2.71% (116) 1.42% (61) .44% (19) 4.57% (196)
Total: 5.13% (220) 2.26% (97) .72% (31) 8.11% (348)
Construction of chart- All figures above have been extrapolated from Table 3-2 (page-80). Two adjustments were made: A) Table 3-2 show cumulative figures, and I felt showing -each year individually- was better; B) Table 3-2 also shows Technical violations of parole, which are not new crimes, accordingly I have omitted them from the above chart.
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U.S. Dep't of Justice Recidivism Statistics:
Sex offenders compared to non-sex offenders
Who will commit more new sex offenses within 3-years of being paroled, sex offenders -OR- non-sex offenders? Non sex offenders commit more new sex offenses when paroled!
Recidivism Rates: All released sex offenders -vs- non-sex offenders
Source (Pub 2003): "Recidivism of Sex Offenders Released from Prison in 1994." (NCJ 198281).

Released
(Paroled)		 Offender Type Paroled ReArrested for
New Sex Offense		 %/# of New Sex
Offenses by Parolees		 Convicted of
New Sex Offense
9,691 Sex Offenders 5.3% (517) 13% (1 every 2 days) 3.5% (339)
262,420 Non-Sex Offenders 1.3% (3,328) 87% (3 per day) .83% (2,179)**
272,111 All Offenders 1.4% (3,845) 100%  
Construction of chart- DOJ Pg-24 states: Sex offenders compared to non-sex offenders: "The 15 States in this study released a total of 272,111 prisoners in 1994. The 9,691 released sex offenders made up less than 4% of that total. Of the remaining 262,420 non-sex offenders, 3,328 (1.3%) were rearrested for a new sex crime within 3 years." and "Based on official arrest records, 517 of the 9,691 released sex offenders (5.3%) were rearrested for a new sex crime within the first 3 years following their release (table 21)." and DOJ Pg-2 states: "Of the 9,691 released sex offenders, 3.5% (339 of the 9,691) were reconvicted for a sex crime within the 3-year followup period." **Calculated using same proportions between 517 and 339 for sex offenders.
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U.S. Dep't of Justice Recidivism Statistics:

These charts show recidivism rates, of released offenders, who re-offend and whose new victims are children:

The "Top Chart" breaks down ALL released sex offenders into child molesters and non-child molesters.

The "Bottom Chart" breaks down ALL released offenders and shows that non-sex offenders released from prison also commit sex offenses against children!


Child is a person under 18. Child molesters: Include cases of, child and child (both under 18), experimentation, mentally ill offenders, consensual sex cases (relationships), Romeo and Juliet cases, as well as sexual assault, statutory rape and rapists.
Recidivism Rates: Showing offenders who re-offended against a child!
Top Chart: All sex offenders who re-offended (new sex crime); new victim is a child.
Bottom Chart: All offenders who re-offended (new sex crime); new victim is a child.
Source (Pub 2003): "Recidivism of Sex Offenders Released from Prison in 1994." (NCJ 198281).

--- Recidivism rates of ALL sex offenders released (9,691): past victim -vs- new victim ---
Released
(Paroled)		 Just Sex Offenders Paroled
Whose PAST victim was child/adult		 ReArrested for a New Sex
Offense Against a CHILD
(New Victim)		 %/# of New Sex Offenses Against Children by parolees
4,295 Child Molesters (past victim was child) 3.3% (141) 66% (1 every 7 days)
5,396 Non-Child Molesters (past victim was adult) 1.3% (72) 33% (1 every 15 days)
9,691 All Sex Offenders 2.2% (213) 100%
Construction of chart- DOJ Pg-1 states: Rearrest for a sex crime against a child: "Within the first 3 years following release from prison in 1994, 3.3% (141 of 4,295) of released child molesters were rearrested for another sex crime against a child." and ""The rate for all 9,691 sex offenders (a category that includes the 4,295 child molesters) was 2.2% (213 of 9,691)." Then Non-Child Molesters is just the difference between those two.
--- Recidivism rates of All offenders released (272,111): when new victim is a Child / Adult ---
Released (Paroled) Offender Type Paroled Overall ReArrest Percentages ReArrested New Sex Offense: CHILD ReArrested New Sex Offense: ADULT
9,691 Sex Offenders 5.3% (517)* 2.2% (213) 3.1% (304)**
262,420 Non-Sex Offenders 1.3% (3,328)* 0.40% (1,042) .87% (2,286)**
272,111 All Offenders 1.4% (3,845)* 0.46% (1,255) .95% (2,590)**
Construction of chart- DOJ Pg-1 states: Rearrest for a sex crime against a child: "The rate for all 9,691 sex offenders (a category that includes the 4,295 child molesters) was 2.2% (213 of 9,691). The rate for all 262,420 non-sex offenders was less than half of 1% (1,042 of the 262,420)." * From recidivism chart of recidivism rates of all offenders released. ** Calculated difference.
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Bureau of Justice
Victim/Offender Relationship Statistics

Recidivism of Sex Offenders Released from Prison in 1994, 11/03 NCJ 198281, was the largest study of recidivism ever. However, there was one key piece of information not available to the researchers, "victim/offender" relationships.

To resolve that the DOJ extrapolated from BJS Survey of "Inmates in State Correctional Facilities, 1997" data on 73,116 prisoners who reported having one victim. Those prisoners represented 84% of all incarcerated male sex offenders in 1997 NATIONWIDE. This chart shows the 73,116 victim/offender relationships. See pg-36 this study.

Relevant highlights: Victims who are under 18 years old were 70.5% of all victims, of that, 51.6% were 12 or under, and, 48.4% were between 13 and 17.
Department of Justice: Victim/Offender Relationship Statistics
Source (Pub 2003): "Recidivism of Sex Offenders Released from Prison in 1994." (NCJ 198281).

All:
Family 35.7%
Friends & Acquaintances 48.7%
Stranger 15.6%
over 18:
Family 10.6%
Friends & Acquaintances 55.0%
Stranger 34.4%
under 18:
Family 46.5%
Friends & Acquaintances 46.8%
Stranger 6.7%
The Victim was the Offender's --- All Victim/s were
over 18		 Victim/s were
under 18
Spouse 1.1% (804) 3.8% (796) 0.0%
Ex-Spouse 0.6% (438) 2.0% (419) 0.0%
Parent / Step parent 0.6% (438) 0.4% (84) 0.6% (300)
Own Child 11.5% (8,409) 1.4% (293) 15.7% (7,854)
Step Child 11.2% (8,189) 0.4% (84) 15.8% (7,904)
Sibling / Step sibling 1.3% (950) 0.4% (84) 1.7% (850)
Other Relative 9.4% (6,873) 2.1% (440) 12.7% (6,354)
Family total--
 35.7% (26,101) 10.6% (2,200) 46.5% (23,262)
Boy / Girl friend 5.5% (4021) 8.2% (1,719) 4.4% (2,202)
Ex-Boy / Girl friend 1.1% (804) 2.0% (419) 0.8% (400)
Friend / Ex-Friend 22.7% (16,599) 24.8% (5,198) 22.0% (11,006)
Acquaintance / Other 19.4% (14,186) 20.1% (4,213) 19.6% (9,806)
Friends & Acquaintances total--
 48.7% (35,610) 55% (11,549) 46.8% (23,414)
Stranger 15.6%(11,406) 34.4% (7,209) 6.7% (3,351)
Stranger total--
 15.6 % (11,406) 34.4% (7,209) 6.7% (3,351)
Grand total--
 100 % (73,116) 100% (20,958) 100% (50,027)
Construction of chart- DOJ Pg-36 chart: "Characteristics of victims of rape or sexual assault, for which male inmates were serving a sentence in State prisons, 1997" indicates those stats were extrapolated from 1997 BJS Survey of "Inmates in State Correctional Facilities." Using only the victim offender portion of that pg-36 chart, and applying those percentages to the 73,116 cases, this chart was created showing specific victim offender relationship numbers and percentages.
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National Center for Juvenile Justice, Offender / Victim Relationship -by age- Statistics

Juvenile Offenders and Victims: 1999 National Report, Chapter 2 "Juvenile Victims" pages 29-30 on sexual assaults.

The FBI's National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) collects detailed data on crimes reported to law enforcement, including the demographic characteristics of victims and offenders, the relationships of victims to their offenders, and the location of the crimes. NIBRS data for 1991 through 1996 included data from 12 States: Alabama, Colorado, Idaho, Illinois, Iowa, Massachusetts, Michigan, North Dakota, South Carolina, Utah, Virginia, and Vermont. While relatively few law enforcement agencies report NIBRS data, the data reported for 1991 through 1996 contain information on more than 1.1 million incidents of violence.
Juvenile Offenders and Victims: 1999 National Report,
Chapter 2 "Juvenile Victims" pages 29-30 on sexual assaults.
The Offender was the Victim's --- All Offenders: Offender/s were
over 18		 Offender/s were
under 18
Family Member--
 39.1% (1,174) 28.2% (848) 10.8% (326)
Acquaintance--
 55.9% (1,678) 34.3% (1,031) 21.5% (647)
Stranger--
 4.9% (147) 3.5% (106) 1.3% (41)
Grand total--
 100% (2,999) 66.1% (1,985) 33.9% (1,014)
Source: "Juvenile Offenders and Victims: 1999 National Report,"
Chapter 2 "Juvenile Victims" pages 29-30 on sexual assaults.
Note: This chart's numbers were extracted from the, Juvenile Offenders and Victims: 1999 National Report, Chapter 2 "Juvenile Victims" page-29 chart "Age and relationship characteristics of sexual assault offenders vary with the age of the juvenile victim." Where that chart had several breakdowns we regrouped offenders into, above and below 18. Further, that chart used "per 1,000 crimes," by regrouping ours is "per 3,000 (2,999 due to rounding) crimes."
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The following chart, from the same source as above, allows us to look closer at "young adults" (i.e., 18-24 years old). This group contains many offenders, close in age to the victim, who may have engaged in consensual relationships albeit technically illegal under a strict reading of the laws. Herein we find the Romeo & Juliets, the victims who lied about their age, and even married couples where one eventually became adult and was then charged with a crime.
The Offender was the Victim's --- All Offenders: Offender/s were
over 24		 Offender/s were
18-24		 Offender/s were
under 18
Family Member--
 39.1% (1,174) 23.4% (704) 4.80% (144) 10.8% (326)
Acquaintance--
 55.9% (1,678) 21.0% (632) 13.3% (399) 21.5% (647)
Stranger--
 4.9% (147) 2.3% (71) 1.1% (35) 1.3% (41)
Grand total--
 100% (2,999) 46.9% (1,407) 19.2% (578) 33.9% (1,014)
Michigan Parole Board Recidivism Statistics: Who will commit more new sex offenses within 4-years of being paroled, sex offenders -OR- non-sex offenders? According to the Michigan Department of Corrections, Parole Board, non-sex offenders commit more new sex offenses when paroled!
Michigan Recidivism Rates: All released sex offenders -vs- non-sex offenders
Michigan Parole Board Recidivism Statistics - 1990 through 2000
Number Released All Offenders Paroled 1990 through 2000 ReConvicted for a New Sex Offense Over 11-years % of New Sex Offenses by Parolees
4,762 Sex Offenders 2.46% (117) 28% (1 every 34 days)
66,227 Non-Sex Offenders .45% (299) 72% (1 every 13 days)
70,989 All Offenders .59% (416) 100%
Source: Extrapolated from Annual Michigan Department of Corrections, Statistical Report, Parole Board Charts D2 and D2a, years 1990 through 2000. See also: Michigan Recidivism Stats 1990-2000. (Technical violations excluded)
Accordingly, released non-sex offenders will commit "2.6" sex offenses
for every "ONE" committed by a sex offender! Who is the more dangerous group?
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Specialization: What is it, and why it is critically important to legislative vision?
Michigan Parole Board Recidivism Statistics
Are The Basis For This Chart

In a recent U.S. Supreme court case, the court said that "Sex offenders are 4.5 times more likely to commit a sex crime upon returning to the community than NON-Sex Offenders."

Describing an offender type as being a type that is -more likely- to commit an offense type than an offender who has not committed that offense type before, is describing "Specialists" and it is a characteristic true of any offender type.

The charts shown use actual Michigan parolee statistics (stats from 1990 through 2000) to demonstrate the "specialization factors" for those offense types. For example, the chart shows a sex offender is 5.47 times -more likely- to commit a sex offense than a non-sex offender on parole.
However, because of the sheer numbers of non-sex offenders on parole, Michigan statistics show they will commit more NEW sex offenses (72%), and are a higher risk to the community than sex offenders (28%).

In Michigan, and a few other states, a high percentage of paroled sex offenders have gone through prison therapy. Accordingly, even though their "specialization factor" appears high, therapy reduces that factor.

Therapy, denied by the state or refused by the offender, was a factor in the deaths of all of the recent tragedies where little girls were murdered.
These seven offense types have the highest "specialization factors": Forgery (20.17), Auto Theft (18.0), Burglary (8.95), Sex Offenses (5.47), Robbery (5.02), Larceny (4.51), and Drug offender (3.31).

An important fact about these is, if you average all the "specific offense types" together (colored red), and average the "non-specific offense types" together (colored green), it shows the non-specific offenders (colored green) commit 53.4% of the new crimes overall.

Why is this critically important to legislative vision? Because it shows, when legislators target legislation to a specific offender type (sex offenders recently), that legislation is ignoring an average of 53.4% of those persons who will be committing that offense type.
Further, at the individual offense type level that percentage may be much higher (see 72% for non-sex offenders). That means for every ONE sex offense committed by a sex offender, TWO+ are committed by non-sex offenders. Legislation ignores these offenders!
All crimes are committed by (1) a person who has committed that offense type before (specialists), or (2) a person who has committed some other offense type before (non-specialists to this offense type), or (3) a person who has never committed any crime before. Legislation today, with respect to sex offenders, focuses only on controlling the offender (specialist), when that is the smallest percentage of offenders.

Legislative vision should focus on (1) public education and prevention methods such as therapy in prison, (2) focus on other felons (non-specialists) who commit more actual NEW sex crimes (72%) on parole, rather than focusing only on sex offender (specialists). That will have more effect in reducing future victimizations.
eAdvocate (Copyright 2005 - All Rights Reserved)
The offense types with the highest "Specialist" factors:
(Shown Highest to lowest by "Specialization Factor")

No. Paroled All Offenders Paroled
1990 through 2000		 New Forgery Offenses as a Percentage New Forgery Offenses Over 11 Years Percentage of New Forgery Offenses
1,896 Forgery Offenders 6.86% (20.17) 130 35.5%
69,093 Non-Forgery Offenders .34% 236 64.5%
70,989 All Offenders Paroled .52% 366 100%

No. Paroled All Offenders Paroled
1990 through 2000		 New Auto Theft Offenses as a Percentage New Auto Theft Offenses Over 11 Years Percentage of New Auto Theft Offenses
1,933 Auto Theft Offenders 7.92% (18.0) 153 33%
69,056 Non-Auto Theft Offenders .44% 305 67%
70,989 All Offenders Paroled .65% 458 100%

No. Paroled All Offenders Paroled
1990 through 2000		 New Burglary Offenses as a Percentage New Burglary Offenses Over 11 Years Percentage of New Burglary Offenses
9,255 Burglary Offenders 10.56% (8.95) 977 57.2%
61,734 Non-Burglary Offenders 1.18% 730 42.8%
70,989 All Offenders Paroled 2.40% 1,707 100%

No. Paroled All Offenders Paroled
1990 through 2000		 New Sex Offenses as a Percentage New Sex Offenses Over 11 Years Percentage of New Sex Offenses
4,762 Sex Offenders 2.46% (5.47) 117 28%
66,227 Non-Sex Offenders .45% 299 72%
70,989 All Offenders Paroled .59% 416 100%

No. Paroled All Offenders Paroled
1990 through 2000		 New Robbery Offenses as a Percenatge New Robbery Offenses Over 11 Years Percentage of New Robbery Offenses
7,141 Robbery Offenders 5.17% (5.02) 369 36%
63,848 Non-Robbery Offenders 1.03% 656 64%
70,989 All Offenders Paroled 1.61% 1,025 100%

No. Paroled All Offenders Paroled
1990 through 2000		 New Larceny Offenses as a Percentage New Larceny Offenses Over 11 Years Percentage of New Larceny Offenses
12,565 Larceny Offenders 12.65% (4.51) 1,590 49%
58,424 Non-Larceny Offenders 2.8% 1,652 51%
70,989 All Offenders Paroled 4.60% 3,242 100%

No. Paroled All Offenders Paroled
1990 through 2000		 New Drug Offenses as a Percentage New Drug Offenses Over 11 Years Percentage of New Drug Offenses
15,485 Drug Offenders 6.42% (3.31) 994 48%
55,504 Non-Drug Offenders 1.94% 1,076 52%
70,989 All Offenders Paroled 2.92% 2,070 100%
Source: Extrapolated from Annual Michigan Department of Corrections, Statistical Report, Parole Board Charts D2 and D2a, years 1990 through 2000.
See also: Michigan Recidivism Stats 1990-2000.
See Dep't of Justice, "Specialists" pgs 9-10 Recidivism of Prisoners Released in 1994
Note: "Forgery" above is actually "Forgery and Uttering & Publishing"
Cautionary notes: (1) Some specialists may only be that because of youthful consensual relationships, albeit technically illegal; (2) There are a host of other circumstances that may create specialists (see Politically Correct? Incorrect?); (3) legislation must recognize that even though an offense type may have a high "specialist" factor, that not every offender in that offense type is a specialist, accordingly these must be sifted out of legislation.

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27 sex crimes: An in-depth review into preventative measures by analyzing past crimes.
Why the Child Safety Act (now HR-4472) and other bills before the 109th. Congress lack Vision; No preventative measures!
 Various Members of the 109th Congress mentioned these 27 victims' names as supporting reasons for A) The Child Safety Act (House version HR 3132); and, B) The Sex Offender Registration and Notification Act (Senate version S 1086). The House and Senate versions includes several other bills.

The essence of the Congressional argument is, these were vicious sex crimes, committed by sex offenders that, failed to register -OR- should have been registered, and therefore the proper response is to -Get Tough on Sex Offenders- hence, the bills, which effectively -TRACKS- all known (prior) registered sex offenders and punishes those who do not comply severely. That may be a plausible conclusion, IF you fail to look at the circumstances of the current crime, and the background of the offender/s! When you review those underlying background facts, you will realize why the proposed legislation will do nothing to prevent future crimes like these, and little to prevent other types of sex crimes.
This is the abbreviated version of this chart, an in-depth version is available.
"Vision: the art of seeing things invisible." - Jonathan Swift / "The farther back you can look, the farther forward you are likely to see." - Winston Churchill
The circumstances of the crimes and offender backgrounds.
Victim (Age) State/Year Case Type Victim
Offender
Relationship		 Prior SO? Was a
Registered
SO		 Had Sex
Offender
Therapy		 Offender
Amber Hagerman (9) Texas (1996) Unsolved ?? ?? ?? ?? Unknown
Adam Walsh (6) Florida (1981) Unsolved ?? ?? NA ?? Unknown (persons who confessed were never charged)
Jacob Wetterling (11) Minnesota (1989) Unsolved ?? ?? NA ?? Unknown
JonBenet Ramsey (6) Colorado (1996) Unsolved ?? ?? ?? ?? Unknown
Wonderbaby (6 months) Texas (2005) Parental Abuse Parents NA NA NA Parents:
*Ivan Castaneda (22)
*Donna Marie Norman (19)
Chris Byers (8)
*Steve Branch(8)
*Michael Moore(8)		 Arkansas (1993) Occult Stranger NA NA NA Damien Wayne Echols (19)
Jason Baldwin (16)
Jessie Lloyd Misskelly Jr. (17)
Maryann Measles (13) Connecticut (1997) Revenge murder 2 of the offenders slept w/victim who later charged them with rape NA NA NA Alan M Walter Jr.
Keith M Foster (28)
Jeffrey A Boyette Jr.
Ronald A Rajock (32)
Deaneric Dupas III
June Bates Seger (24)
Maggie Mae Bennett
Dorothy M Hallas
Christy Ann Fornoff (13) Arizona (1984) -- Paper Route Customer Yes NA ?? Donald E Beatty
Pam Lychner (31) Texas (1990) Not Murdered Business Acquaintenance Yes NA ?? William David Kelley
Michelle Vick (14) Washington (1998) -- Boyfriend *Yes Yes ?? Tomas Mendez (18)
Megan Kanka (7) New Jersey (1994) -- Neighbor Yes NA Refused Jesse Timmendequas
Jessica Lundsford (9) Florida (2005) -- Neighbor Yes Not Compliant State doesn't provide John Couey

On probation
Amie Zyla (8) Wisconsin (1996) Not Murdered Neighbor Yes Yes Refused Joshua Wade (Juvenile)
Dru Sjoden (22) North Dakota (2003) -- Stranger from another state Yes Yes Refused Alfonzo Rodriguez
Jetseta Marrie Gage (10) Iowa (2005) -- Family Acquaintence Yes Yes Refused Roger Paul Bentley
Amanda Brown (7) Florida (1998) -- Acquaintenance of mother Yes NA **State doesn't provide Willie Crain Jr. (53)
Sarah M Lunde (13) Florida (2004) Not charged with a sex offense. Dated Mother Yes Yes **State doesn't provide David Onstott (36)
Alexandra Nicole Zapp (30) Massachusetts (2002) -- Alexandra stopped at restaurant where Leahy worked Yes Yes Refused Paul Leahy
Dylan Groene (9) Idaho (2005) -- Stranger from another state Yes Yes Kicked out by therapists Joseph Edward Duncan III
Christina Long (13) Connecticut (2002) -- Boyfriend No NA NA Saul Dos Reis (25)
Samantha Runnion (5) California (2002) -- Dated Neighbor in same apt. complex *No NA NA Alejandro Avila (30)
Nicole Parker (8) California (1993) -- Neighbor No NA NA Hooman Ashkan Panah (23)
Cary Ann Medlin (8) Tennessee (1979) Mental
Illness		 Stranger *No NA NA Robert Glen Coe
Sherrice Iverson (7) Nevada (1997) -- Chance meeting in a Las Vegas Gambling Casino No NA NA Jeremy Strohmeyer (17)
Polly Klaas (12) California (1993) -- Stranger No NA NA Richard Alan Davis
Danielle Van Dam (7) California (2002) -- Neighbor No NA NA David Westerfield (49)
Carlie Brucia (11) Florida (2005) -- Stranger No NA NA Joseph Smith (37)
On probation
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The Policy of Youthful Behaviors:
Ninth to Twelfth grade behaviors that may label juveniles a sex offender under today's laws!
Youth Behaviors, 9th to 12th Grades
2003 YRBSS Survey Results
Averages of All YRBSS Surveys
Sexual behavior survey questions: Female Male Total No. Of Youths † Female Male No. of Surveys
Ever had sexual intercourse: 45.3% 48.0% 46.7% 7.754M 48.1% 52.1% 7*
Sexually active within 3-months of survey: 34.6% 33.8% 34.3% 5.695M 36.7% 35.2% 7*
Of students who had sexual intercourse within 3-months of survey, the percentage who drank alcohol or used drugs before last sexual intercourse: 21.0% 29.8% 25.4% 4.217M 18.4% 29.6% 7*
Had 4 or more sex partners during lifetime: 11.2% 17.5% 14.4% 2.391M 13.3% 19.7%** 7*
Had first sexual intercourse before age 13: 4.2% 10.4% 7.4% 1.228M 4.5% 11.7% 7*
Had been pregnant or gotten someone pregnant one or more times: 4.9% 3.5% 4.2% .697M 7.0% 4.8%*** 7*
Forced to have sexual intercourse: 11.9% 6.1% 9.0% 1.494M 11.1% 5.6% 01, 03
Drug and Alcohol survey questions: . . . . . . .
Had one drink of alcohol on one or more days during lifetime: 44.9% 43.8% 44.9% . 79.3% 79.5% 7*
Used marijuana one or more times during lifetime: 37.6% 42.7% 40.2% . 37.1% 43.7% 7*
Used ecstasy (also called MDMA): 11.6% 10.4% 11.1% . 03
Used any form of cocaine, powder, crack, freebase one or more times during lifetime: 7.7% 9.5% 8.7% . 6.5% 8.7% 7*
Sniffed glue, breathed spray cans, or inhaled paints or sprays to get high one or more times during lifetime: 3.4% 4.3% 3.9% . 14.7% 16.3% 95, 97, 99, 01, 03
Used heroin one or more times during lifetime: 2.0% 4.3% 3.3% . 1.93% 3.9% 99, 01, 03
Used methamphetamines one or more times during lifetime: 6.8% 8.3% 7.6% . 8.1% 9.6% 99, 01, 03
Students who had at least one drink of alcohol ON SCHOOL PROPERTY on one or more of the past 30 days: 4.2% 6.0% 5.2% . 4.1% 6.5% 93, 95, 97, 99, 01, 03
Students who used marijuana ON SCHOOL PROPERTY one or more times during the past 30 days: 3.7% 7.6% 5.8% . 4.1% 9.1% 93, 95, 97, 99, 01, 03
Students who were offered, sold, or given an illegal drug ON SCHOOL PROPERTY during past 12 months: 25.0% 31.9% 28.7% . 23.7% 34.3% 93, 95, 97, 99, 01, 03
The Center for Disease Control (CDC) developed the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS) to monitor six categories of priority health-risk behaviors among youth. Of the six categories two are relevant to our chart, sexual behaviors and alcohol (and other drug) use. The six risk behaviors contribute markedly to the leading causes of death, disability, and social problems among youth and adults in the United States. YRBSS includes a national school-based survey conducted by CDC as well as state, territorial, and local school-based surveys conducted by education and health agencies. In these surveys, conducted biennially since 1991, representative samples of students in grades 9-12 are drawn. In 2003, a total of 15,214 students completed the national survey and 32 states and 20 school districts also obtained data representative of their jurisdiction. See the Survey Participation Map for an explanation of the weighted and unweighted state results. 2003 Survey questions and data. (Scroll down to United States High School Survey [Code book]). 2003 CDC Press Release and YRBSS Methodology. The next survey 2005, Survey Questions. †: No. of Youths, equating the 2003 Survey percentages (ex: 46.7% weighted) to the national U.S Census School Enrollment, 9-12th Grades (2004), shows approximate number of youths (ex: 7.754 Million) exhibiting that behavior.

*: Surveys are biennially: 1991, 93, 95, 97, 99, 01, 03. However, not every question was asked in each survey, hence the "Surveys" column.
**: Down from 23.4 (1991) to 17.5 (2003)
***: Down from 5.3 (1991) to 3.5 (2003)
News & Noteworthy ©, Copyright 2006 - All Rights Reserved
Link back to chart:   http://www.oocities.org/voicism/index-charts.html#yrbss
A special thanks to Citizens for Second Chances
for helping in the preparation of this chart.


14 sex crimes: An in-depth review into preventative measures by analyzing past crimes.
Why the Child Safety Act HR-4472 before Congress lacks Vision. No preventative measures!
 HR 4472 mentiones these 14 victims' names as supporting reasons for The Child Safety Act House bill HR 4472. The essence of the Congressional argument is, these were vicious sex crimes, committed by sex offenders that, failed to register -OR- should have been registered, and therefore the proper response is to -Get Tough on Sex Offenders- hence, the bills, which effectively -TRACKS- all known (prior) registered sex offenders and punishes those who do not comply severely. That may be a plausible conclusion, IF you fail to look at the circumstances of the current crime, and the background of the offender/s! When you review those underlying background facts, you will realize why the proposed legislation will do nothing to prevent future crimes like these, and little to prevent other types of sex crimes.
The full case histories can be found in our more complete version, in-depth facts about the cases cited by Congress.
"Vision: the art of seeing things invisible." - Jonathan Swift / "The farther back you can look, the farther forward you are likely to see." - Winston Churchill
The circumstances of the crimes and offender backgrounds.
Victim (Age) State/Year Case Type Victim
Offender
Relationship		 Prior SO? Was a
Registered
SO		 Had Sex
Offender
Therapy		 Offender
Jacob Wetterling (11) Minnesota (1989) Unsolved ?? ?? NA ?? Unknown
Christy Ann Fornoff (13) Arizona (1984) -- Paper Route Customer Yes NA ?? Donald E Beatty
Pam Lychner (31) Texas (1990) Not Murdered Business Acquaintenance Yes NA ?? William David Kelley
Megan Kanka (7) New Jersey (1994) -- Neighbor Yes NA Refused Jesse Timmendequas
Jessica Lundsford (9) Florida (2005) -- Neighbor Yes Not Compliant State doesn't provide John Couey

On probation
Amie Zyla (8) Wisconsin (1996) Not Murdered Neighbor Yes Yes Refused Joshua Wade (Juvenile)
Dru Sjoden (22) North Dakota (2003) -- Stranger from another state Yes Yes Refused Alfonzo Rodriguez
Jetseta Marrie Gage (10) Iowa (2005) -- Family Acquaintence Yes Yes Refused Roger Paul Bentley
Amanda Brown (7) Florida (1998) -- Acquaintenance of mother Yes NA **State doesn't provide Willie Crain Jr. (53)
Sarah M Lunde (13) Florida (2004) Not charged with a sex offense. Dated Mother Yes Yes **State doesn't provide David Onstott (36)
Alexandra Nicole Zapp (30) Massachusetts (2002) -- Alexandra stopped at restaurant where Leahy worked Yes Yes Refused Paul Leahy
Polly Klaas (12) California (1993) -- Stranger No NA NA Richard Alan Davis
Carlie Brucia (11) Florida (2005) -- Stranger No NA NA Joseph Smith (37)
On probation
Samuel James Ryce (9) Florida (1995) -- Neighbor No NA NA Juan Carlos Chavez
News & Noteworthy ©, Copyright 2006 - All Rights Reserved
To link back to this chart:     http://www.oocities.org/voicism/index-charts.html#chtx
Legend: CC=Civil Commitment; HIPAA=The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996
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