A Perpetual State of Idleness | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The Coureur des Bois | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
It was once written that "the existence of the Coureurs des Bois is a perpetual state of idleness that leads them to all manner of disorderliness. They sleep, smoke, and drink alcohol, regardless of the cost, and they often corrupt the women and daughters of the Savages....They are totally independent and accountable to no one; they recognize no superior, judge, law or police, and they refuse to subordinate." | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
And from another: "One is indeed surprised at the disorderliness, the feasts, the games and the expenses incurred by the Coureurs de Bois, both in clothing and women, as soon as they arrive. Those who are married go to their homes, but those who are not act like sailors returning from India. They spend, eat, drink and gamble everything as long as there are beavers pelts. When these are gone, they sell their gold, lace and clothing. Then they must go back on a trading journey to survive." These statements are only partially true. When they weren't on the trail, they were known to goof off and kick up their heels a bit, because when they worked, they really worked. It was not an easy life. Most were away from home between May and August, and some longer still when they tracked the beaver to it's source. A Jesuit priest who witnessed the hardships associated with this rough trade, said this of the Coureur des Bois, "they are not scared to paddle five or six hundred leagues in a canoe, live for a year or eigtheen months on corn and bear fat and sleep under shelters made of roots or branches". While they may have been motivated by personal gain, adventure and independance, they played a very important role in the histoy of French Canada. They were the trail blazers, who opened up the interior of Canada, paving the way for future explorers. They resided with the Canadian people, learning their customs and languages, and acted as ambassadors for the French. As for womanizing, many married into the communities where they conducted business, and many of those marriages lasted. In most Native cultures, the offering of a bride was considered an honour, since it meant that you were being welcomed into their family, and many of these matches were engineered by the women, hoping to win the man's loyalty as both a military ally and trading partner. If one of these men got out of hand, and showed a woman disrespect by trying to force himself on her, justice would be harsh (as Etienne Brule found out), so if it looked like they were taking liberties, it was probably consentual. However, to the missionaries, who hoped to convert the Canadian people to their version of French morality, the conduct of these men was apalling. As for the life of a Coureur Des Bois, despite the hardships, and there were many, it was a far cry from the life they would have had back home. Hunting and fishing were activities enjoyed only by the nobility, but in Canada at the time, there were no such restrictions, so long as you honoured establised hunting grounds and showed respect for your hosts. |
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A Few of the More Famous Coureur Des Bois | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Etienne Brule | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Charles De Biencourt | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Charles De La Tour | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Nicolas Marsolet | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Jean Nicolet | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Nicolas Perrot | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Robert Pontgrave | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Gabriel Sagard | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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