This image comes out of page 226 of "Visions of Symmetry -
Work of M.C. Escher" by Doris Schattschneider. The book
was published by W. H. Freeman in 1990.
This pattern is described as "The Cairo Tiling" by F.S. Hill Jr. because it is
seen in street paving frequently in the city of Cairo. The pattern is also
used in Japan for concrete paving.
This whole drawing is based on two square units each 100x100 pixels. One unit
has an X shape in orange, the other unit has an X shape in green and rotated 90
degrees. The amazing thing about this graphics is that only intergers are used
and the smallest resolution is 5 pixel. This is a fun geometry to understand.
Part of the clue is show in the Escher book on page 227. The pentagons have
equal sides but unequal angles. Eli Maor discussed this geometry in the book
"To Infinity and Beyond" (Princeton University Press). The secret to
this tessellation is that 4 of the pentagons form a hexagon.