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The Three States of Matter
and
How charges are separated

Note:  The following is theoretical, not fact.

Water in it's solid state. Water in it's liquid state Water vapor in the air in the baallon, gas state
In it's solid state matter shares the most electrons It is this sharing of electrons by molecules that holds the atomic structure together and gives matter it's solid characteristics. Temperature and pressure determine how many electrons will be shared. In the liquid state matter shares fewer electrons and it's molecules are more loosely bound together. There are not enough molecules sharing electrons to enable the substance to hold any kind of shape.

In the gas state matter does not share electrons. Each molecule has it's own valance electrons and is therefore not bound at all to it's neighbors. It can  move about independently .


  

     Lets imagine that it instead of the electrons storing the heat energy of an atom the energy is stored in the time space continuum between the orbitals much like the electrons  in a capacitor are stored on the dielectric plates of a capacitor, (not on the conductor as many people assume.) As more energy is absorbed into the time space continuum the space expands pushing the orbits out and increasing their diameter. As the Valance band gets larger in diameter it increases the number of electrons it can support . So as liquid water gains more heat the pressure bands between the orbitals expand pushing the valance band outward, increasing it's circumference and allowing it to be able to support eight electrons instead of seven and a half or seven and sharing the eighth. As we travel toward the center of the atom the orbitals become more stable the closer we get to the nucleus. This is because the outer pressure zones squeeze the inner zones so the further we go toward the center the more pressure there is being exerted from the outer zones. This makes the inner orbits very stable and makes it very hard for electrons to jump between orbits. These pressure bands are affected by heat energy which they absorb creating more pressure and forcing the electrons to move further from the nucleus. If we picture an atom the size of a football stadium, with the electrons orbiting around the upper deck, the nucleus at midfield would be about the size of a quarter. So you see there is plenty of storage space for energy between the infield and the upper decks. We know that energy is stored by atoms some place. The electron is too small to store enough energy and for that matter so is the nucleus. So where else could it be stored? There is only one logical explanation. It is stored in the massive area between the orbitals.

    What I am proposing then is that the amount of heat energy stored in the energy fields between the electron orbitals is proportional to the sizes or diameters of the orbits and the number of electrons orbiting outside the pressure band or energy field.  It is the density of the energy field between orbitals that governs the diameter of the orbitals of electrons and conversely the number of electron orbits on the outer side the pressure zones determines the pressure or compression of each pressure zone or energy field.

Atom and orbitals
An atom depicting orbitals and energy fields.
As one goes further towards the nucleus the
Pressure of each progressive energy field  or  
pressure zone increase proportional to the
number of outer electron orbits.

Why is a battery

like a thunder storm?

The apparatus that produces lightning is simply a huge battery or galvanic cell here after referred to as a battery. You will notice a change in normal terminology as the battery is described here. If we construct a battery with a copper cathode and a zinc anode we would see that cations, (positive), in the solution evaporate into the solution from the zinc anode and on the other side copper anions, (negative), condense from the solution onto the cathode . The current is conducted from the evaporation on the anode to the meter and then to the cathode where condensation carries it into the solution again. This is the very same direction current travels in a thunderstorm. from evaporation electrons travel to the sky where condensation releases them in the clouds and when the release is rapid enough and in enough volume lightning returns them back to the earth again. Battery

 

If we simplify the battery and then tip it on end we can see the analogy a little better. The Zinc anode represents the oceans and the copper cathode represents the clouds. The solution is the atmosphere. The porous barrier is not important to this discussion and is only placed in the graphic for accuracy. Evaporation occurs from the zinc, (ocean) and carries the electrons to the solution, (atmosphere), where it condenses on the copper, (into clouds) from there it completes the circuit through the solution, (atmosphere) to the zinc, (via lightning to the earth). The more active a metal or substance is the more electrons are released by matter state change. It is matter state change, solid to liquid, liquid to gas, and visa versa that creates charge separation in batteries and in thunderstorms.

The air, clouds and earth act like a battery.

Page updated 24 Feb. 2009
Email wwindmills@comcast.net

Some of my other pages

Science

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Quackery
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By
Lynn Mills
Odds and Sods
And a little toque in cheek

About Me FishTackler®
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Cartoon 1
Strip Poker
Incredibly beautiful Drying Soap Bubbles
Make Wild Fires
Go Away!
Do Fish See Color? Cartoon 2
Left Overs
Energy Demand Verses Global Warming!
Where Does Lightning Come From? Fish the Strike Zone. Cartoon 3
Are You Asleep?
Bee Wars 200,000 Bees verses 3 men &
a dog! A true story.
Acid etching Limestone Fossils Triple spinner Bumble Bee  Cartoon 4
Panty Hose.
A long shot coincidence or Number please?
3D Through the Eyes of T Rex How to make Freeze Dried Night crawlers
or if messy isn't your thing...

Cartoon 5
Tantrums
How to Unlock Gridlock  This one earned
me the, "delightful nut" award
CJ
The Amazing World of Silica Gel
All you need is a laser pointer and silica gel.
Order Freeze Dried Night Crawlers on the hook. Cartoon 6
Bermuda Triangle
Panning for gold in western WA
What is Ultraviolet Light? Triple Blade Pop Style Fishing Spinners Cartoon 7
How Was It?
A Virgin Lost Gold Account
How to Make an Ultraviolet Light FishTackler® Home Page Cartoon 8
Rocking Egg
Grooming the Environment, a Green Thing 
Purify Your Drinking Water Triple Spinner Chartreuse Chaser Cartoon 9
Remove Your Clothes
Outdoor Survival Tips that may save your life!
Science Fair, Phone on a Wire How to Fish With GloWings™ Cartoon 10
God's Great Computer.
The amazing EZ garden
Subduction Zone Volcano Postulate.     Cartoon 11
Shear Delight
My memories of Bountiful, Utah
1947 - 2007
The Mystery Clock, how does it works?     Cartoon 12
Wet the Bed
Grow tomatoes indoors
Like SciFi? Read
Blue Dot .
    Cartoon 13
Basket Ball
           
"Photo"
Is it real or has it been altered? Can you tell?
    Cartoon 14
Lovin the Rain
         
"Photo"
How to erase unwanted objects
                       
How to make a barometer                      
How to make a smoke ring cannon