Contents:

History of Surveyors in Hong Kong
Work of Surveyors
Work of Building Surveyors
Employment of Building Surveyors





History of Surveyors in Hong Kong


The history of the surveying profession in Hong Kong goes back to 1843 with the arrival of the first Surveyor General from the United Kingdom. The Surveyors Club was founded in 1792 followed by the Land Surveyors Club in 1834 and Surveyors Association in 1864. Their members were leaders in the particular skills of valuing land, measuring property and quantity surveying. The Institution of Surveyors was inaugurated in 1868, granted a Royal Charter by Queen Victoria in 1881, attained royal patronage in 1921 and assumed its present title of The Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors in 1946.

The first Government Land Auction took place on 22 January 1844. Until the 1950s, most surveyors in Hong Kong were recruited from overseas. These surveyors were qualified as chartered surveyors. Local educational institutes started diploma courses in surveying in the 1960s, and now there are three universities in Hong Kong offering degree courses in surveying.

The title of "Surveyor" embraces a number of disciplines involved with land and buildings. Usually the first to be involved is the Land Surveyor who measures the land, defines the boundary and sets out the site. Next follows the Quantity Surveyor who is concerned with the building contractual arrangements and cost control. The General Practice Surveyor is involved in the valuation, sale, leasing and management of the finished product, while the Building Surveyor is involved in the construction and maintenance of the fabric of the building.


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Work of Surveyors


The work of a surveyor involves:
  • Control of Unauthorized Structures
  • Building Safety Campaign
  • Registration of Property Management Companies
  • Centre for Real Estate Studies in China
  • Surveyors Registration Ordinance
  • Review of the Town Planning Ordinance
  • Estate Agents Association
  • Revision of Standard Forms of Contract
  • Revision of Standard Method of Measurement


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Work of Building Surveyors

Building Surveyor is a profession who has the identity by his name as 'Surveyor of Buildings'. The Engagement of Building Surveyors has been prepared for the mutual benefit of clients and Building Surveyors and it is desirable that surveyors acquaint their clients with the contents. The Building Surveying services which are available from members of the Hong Kong Institute of Surveyors are described in brood terms together with details of the rofessional relationship which should generally be expected between client and surveyor in respect of the performance of these services.

There are two kinds of survey:
  1. Survey of New Buildings
  2. Survey of Existing Buildings


Survey of New Buildings
  1. Building control in Buildings Department;
  2. Technical advice on legal restrictions - Buildings Ordinance, Town Planning and Land Leases, etc.;
  3. Development consultancy and project monitoring in joint venture developments and on behalf of project financiers; and
  4. Project management during development stage.


Survey of Existing Buildings

  1. Building maintenance management (both in the private and public sectors);
  2. Diagnosis of building defect, as 'Building Doctor';
  3. Building safety inspections;
  4. Fire safety, inspections;
  5. Refurbishment and renovation;
  6. Licence application;?#060;li> Fire insurance valuation;
  7. Measurement surveys;
  8. Facilities management;
  9. Building surveys prior to purchase or arising from building disputes;?#060;li> Expert witness and arbitration;?#060;li> Advice on occupational requirements and spatial planning; and?#060;li>Management of fitting out work for residential building, office, commercial building, etc.


  • Building Surveyors in private practice are involved in oil stages of the development process from inception to completion. They are available to provide tailor-made services for Clients engaging in building development.

  • Buildings vary considerably as, indeed, Jo the instructions of Clients. Although this document attempts to describe the Scope of Services and the respective duties of the Surveyor and his Client in as much detail of possible. However, it is inevitable that some variations will occur and it is therefore anticipated that the contents of the relevant sections of the document will be amended to suit the particular needs of?both the Surveyor and Client.

  • Professional Building Surveyors are qualified by examination and practical experience and must uphold the stringent professional standard of the Hong Kong Institute of Surveyors, which requires a high level of service and efficiency as well as compliance with a strict code of professional conduct.

  • Professional Building Surveyors deliver complete building solutions.





Site Acquisition Stage

The Building Surveyor acts as Project Manager in advising on the development potential with respect to technical and legal implications as follows:

  • Any restrictions imposed by the Buildings Ordinance, the lease conditions and the Town Planning Ordinance and also on any construction difficulties likely to be encountered;

  • Financial and economic considerations affected by the construction aspects;

  • Joint venture terms and following through the drawing up and execution of the Agreement;





Development Stage (or Construction Stage)

The Building Surveyor acts as Project Manager (or Project Consultant) to monitor the construction process so that the buildings ore constructed on time and within budget with the desired quality being achieved. The major functions of the Project Manager are as follows:

  • Preparation of feasibility studies and client brief.

  • Preparation of budgets and master programme.

  • Appointment of the project professional design team (i.e. Architects, Engineers, Quantity Surveyors, etc.).

  • Management of the design of this buildings and selection of materials.

  • Coordination of Government approvals.

  • Procurement, tendering, award of contracts and sub-contracts, contract administration and co-ordinating the approval of shop drawings, samples, variations and claims.

  • Construction monitoring time, cost and quality.

  • Communication and reporting.

  • Undertaking financial control - cash flow, progress payments and final account.





Pre-Completion Stage
  • The Building Surveyor in his capacity as Project Manager advises on capitol costs and running costs (cost-in-use) and on replacement costs for fire insurance purposes.

  • The Building Surveyor advises on maintenance strategy and arranges for the preparation of all maintenance manuals, as-built drawings and specialists handbooks so that buildings will be maintained in on efficient manner.

  • On behalf of client the project manager coordinates and approves alterations to the building and building services proposed by tenants and occupiers.





After Completion

Building surveyors play a major role in the management and maintenance of buildings after their completion.

  • Advising on construction and legal constraints prior to letting and arranging for the fitting out works for the client, leading to the issue of licences (e.g. restaurants, hotels, child core centres, kindergarten, old aged home, etc.

  • Advising on planning and implementation of maintenance programmes both day-to-day and long term.

  • The diagnosis of building defects and advising on remedial works and costs.

  • Providing expect knowledge on design and materials performance.
Alterations, additions and improvements to existing buildings. Conversion of existing dilapidated buildings to modern uses and upgrading their provisions to meet current legal, fire and building regulation requirements.

Condition surveys of existing buildings and preparation of schedule of dilapidation.

Inspections of older buildings in respect of building and fire safety under the Buildings Ordinance and Fire Safety (Commercial Premises) Ordinance respectively and supervision of subsequent works to bring the building in a state of good repairs and complying with the requirements of the Ordinances.

Conditions Surveys of existing buildings prior to major construction activities and advising on effects and remedial actions including litigation and compensation.

Acting as an expert witness in court and arbitrator in building and contract disputes.

Advising on maintenance strategy improvement and renovation works and administering the Deed of Mutual Covenant and Building Management Ordinance.


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Employment of Building Surveyors


Building Surveyors ore employed both in the private and public sectors or engaged in private practices serving Clients of different concerns.

Government Departments and Quasi-Government Agencies;
  • Buildings Department; Housing Department;
  • Property Services Branch, Architectural Services Department;
  • Hospital Authority;
  • Mass Transit Railway Corporation;
  • Kowloon Canton Railway Corporation;
  • Land Development Corporation;
  • Urban and Regional Councils; and others.


Developers and others:
  • Property developers,?#060;li> Universities,
  • Tung Wah Group of Hospitals,
  • English School Foundation,
  • Academy for Performing Arts, etc.



Private Practices

Building Surveyors are employed In local private practices and major international property consultants offering comprehensive Building Surveying Services. A list of firms offering comprehensive Building Surveying Services could be obtained from the Hong Kong Institute of Surveyors.


Expertise possessed by Professional Building Surveyors can be summarized and grouped in the following nine core areas of services undertaken on behalf of Clients:
  • Project Planning and Design,
  • Project Management and Monitoring;?#060;li> Project Supervision (as Technically Competent Persons required by Buildings Department to ensure construction safety);
  • Project Revitalization (Alteration, Addition, Improvement, Refurbishment and Renovation);
  • Building Management and Maintenance (Repairs and maintenance);
  • Building Measurements, Surveys and Fire Insurance valuations;
  • Building Safety and Fire Safety Inspections and Works Supervision;
  • Facilities Management; and?#060;li> Disputes Resolution (Expert Witness and Arbitration).




Reference:





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