Metis Culture - Powwows
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Powwow Manners
By Carolyne Gould, used by permission
The average person, when thinking of Native American culture, often forms a picture in their mind of dancers at a powwow. While there is no known record of the official start of these gatherings, they were held in some form or another by all Native American tribes.
The gatherings (effectively a big party) were sometimes comprised of the bands and clans of a particular tribe who were spread out over a geographical area and who got together for a particular festival or celebration. Sometimes it was a gathering or powwow between tribes; and, the reasons for a powwow varied from the celebration of a harvest, to cementing a friendship
Today, one can probably find a powwow being held on any particular weekend somewhere in North America. There are two basic types of powwows: competiton and traditional. In competition powwows, dancers earn prizes and "drums" are paid for participating. There are usually vendors near the grounds selling everything from food to beadwork. In traditional powwows, people show up just because they want to be there. Food is normally provided to the dancers; at a competition powwow, the dancer is on their own.
While many powwows are private -- by invitation only, so to speak -- members of the public are often invited, or pay, to observe. In all probability, this may be the visitors' only contact with Native American culture and tradition. The following guidelines are an attempt to provide visitors to a powwow with the basic rules so they may better enjoy the experience.
There is one word, above all others, that is the most important to remember -- respect. In the tradition of the Native Americans, show respect to others and their beliefs and customs. Under no circumstance should derogatory remarks be made. Remember that you are being "allowed" to observe, even if you paid to sit in. Native Americans, as in any ethnic group, come in many shapes, sizes and forms. The person sitting next to you wearing blue jeans and a tee shirt is probably 'Indian," even if their hair is light brown or their eyes are blue.
Whether the powwow is being held as part of fesitval gathering, or a competition among dancers, remember that it is filled with traditions.
Arrive early if possible, and if you are not familiar with the site, bring a chair or blanket because public seating may not be available.
If there is a printed program, get one. Depending on the organizers' attention to details, the program will provide useful information that can lend enjoyment to your experience. And pay attention to the Director or Announcer of the events.
Do not ever bring alcohol or drugs to a powwow.
Remember that tipis, lodges or wickiups, unless specifically designated for "display" are for the personal use of the owner, a home away from home. Show the same courtesy as you would for any private residence.
Some specifics:
- Arena
- The circular area where the dancing and ceremony is held is called the arena. Whether by a rope, a circle of hay bales, or the position of chairs, the arena is clearly defined as an open circle. It is reserved for dancers. There may also be a shelter or spot set aside for the Elders, officials and/or dancers. Please do not intrude into these private areas.
- Clothing
- The dancers' clothing is called "regalia" and should never be referred to as a "costume." Admire, but do not touch. The regalia represents the culture, heritage and spirit of the person wearing it and is usually made by the wearer or family members. Parts of the regalia, and in some cases the entire ensemble, may have been passed down in a family for generations. You are seeing the lving past, present and future.
- The Dances
- In most cases, only people wearing regalia are allowed to dance. You may see a "tag" with a number on it pinned or attached to the dancers' regalia. This helps the judges to identify specific dancers when a contest is part of the powwow. Some dances require a specific style of regalia, and while the dress may be similar, you will note that freedom of expression is maintained in Native American traditions and customs. Occasionally the Director may announce an inter-tribal dance. Visitors, even without regalia, are then allowed to participate.
- Photographs
- In general, it is permissable to take photographs of the events and dances. If you would like to photograph a particular individual, please ask for permission and honor their wishes. One important caveat. Certain dances are considered sacred and photographs are not allowed during these dances. The Director will normally identify dances in this category, so paying attention can save you a great deal of embarrassment and possible animosity. Please consider these dances in the same category as a stranger walking in the door of a private residence to photograph a family funeral or wedding. Once again, respect is the byword.
- Sit/Stand
- As at any formal gathering, there are times when it is appropriate to stand. Normally, one stands during the grand entry, flag songs, memorial songs, prayer songs or songs to honor veterans of wars. .Follow the lead of the audience. Gentlemen will remove their hats.
- The Blanket Dance
- The Blanket Dance is time for sharing. A blanket may be placed on the ground, or may be carried around the arena to accept monetary donations which may be for the dancers or particular individuals. Admission fees for many powwows only cover the cost of providing the arena and the extras needed to organize the event. You can show your appreciation for the dancers by contributing.
This article on Powwows Manners is copyrighted by Carolyne Gould who retains all rights. It may be freely copied and/or printed for personal or educational use as long as it is duplicated in its entirety, with no additions or deletions, and includes this copyright on all copies. The article may not be copied or used in any electronic format or on any internet pages without permission by the author. Links to this article are welcome.