Valvular and Vascular Heart Disorders

An online directory of clinical Internet
resources devoted to valve and vascular disease.

Valvular Heart Disease

Annals of Thoracic Surgery: Influence of Functional Tricuspid Regurgitation on Right Ventricular Function. This full-text article offers results of an investigation into the effect of functional tricuspid regurgitation on right ventricular function.

Aortic Regurgitation - A definition of aortic regurgitation is provided at this AHA Web site, part of its online consumer publication collection. Causes of aortic regurgitation and an assortment of related publications are listed, including both patient information sites and Scientific Statements on valvular heart disease.

Aortic Regurgitation - Discussion of aortic regurgitation, including background information on the condition, pathophysiology, frequency, morbidity and mortality, and most commonly affected age group. Clinical details of the condition, causes, differentials, diagnostic tools, treatment, and suggested follow-up care are also listed.

Aortic Stenosis - Produced by the Royal Children's Hospital in Melbourne, Australia, this site provides an overview of aortic stenosis and subaortic stenosis. The site discusses aortic valve replacement and the Ross operation, with hyperlinks to additional information on balloon valvuloplasty and the homograft valve replacement.

Aortic Valve Disease - The morphology of aortic valve disease and additional review of aortic valve incompetence, symptoms, diagnosis, and natural history of aortic valve disease are found at this page of the Cardiothoracic Surgery Notes domain. Information on associated coronary artery disease, treatment options, and selection of replacement device is presented. Links throughout the text provide access to illustrations of diseased valves.

Aortic Valve Disease - Wide variety of resources on aortic valve disease.

Aortic Valve Stenosis - Discussion on aortic valve stenosis, which reviews causes of the condition, its affect on the left ventricle pump, symptoms, and possible methods of diagnosis.

Atlas of Heart Murmurs from the University of Kansas Medical Center

Auscultation Assistant A multimedia web page dedicated to teaching medical students and nurses about auscultation. Contains real time murmurs of nearly all common conditions.

Etiology of Valvular Heart Disease - Article exploring the increase in incidence of acquired forms of valvular heart disease. Congenital conditions and a large variety of rare and more common causes of valvular disease are explored, providing a basic diagnostic tool for clinicians.

Heart Valve Action excellent diagrams

Mitral Regurgitation - Information on symptoms associated with mitral regurgitation and the diagnostic workup. Details concerning the decision to proceed with valve surgery, mitral valve surgical procedures, and long-term management are reviewed at the site.

Mitral Regurgitation - Consumer fact sheet offers an overview of mitral regurgitation, including a definition and a discussion of causes, prevention, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment.

Mitral Valve Disease - Resources on mitral valve disease and clinical guidelines on mitral valve stenosis, mitral valve insufficiency, and mitral valve prolapse.

Mitral Valve Prolapse - This common anomaly of the mitral valve is described in its entirety at this page of the eMedicine database, which includes a history of the condition, its pathophysiology, physical presentation, causes, and differentials. Imaging studies and management information are provided at this comprehensive tutorial, as well as antibiotic regimens for those considered to be at risk for infective endocarditis. A chest radiograph of a child with mitral valve prolapse is displayed, and ECG tracings and both two- and three-dimensional echocardiographic images are shown.

Mitral Valve Prolapse - Information about mitral valve prolapse, including a discussion of causes, risks, and treatment of the disease. A toll-free telephone information service and answers to frequently asked questions are provided, in addition to a heart health test for patients, a glossary of cardiovascular terms, and a handbook for heart health.

Mitral Valve Prolapse in Active Patients - Information on pathophysiology and epidemiology, systemic symptoms, details regarding a multifactorial pathogenesis, key diagnostic findings, management and risk stratification, and exercise guidelines for mitral valve prolapse.

Mitral Valve Stenosis - Fact sheet on mitral valve stenosis offers answers to several frequently asked questions about the condition. How it occurs, a listing of symptoms, methods of diagnosis, and prophylactic treatment with antibiotics before dental work are reviewed. The page also lists several important self-care measures.

Mitral Valve Stenosis - Case presentation of mitral valve stenosis. An illustrative X-ray image is offered, with information on determining left ventricle enlargement concisely presented.

MVPS Research and Support - Dedicated to research and support for mitral valve prolapse syndrome (MVPS), offers a definition of MVPS and a discussion of complications, history, demographics, diagnosis, symptoms, and the condition in pregnancy. In a self-help section, practical methods for controlling symptoms are given and include relaxation, exercise, diet, attitude, education, medication, and quick tricks and tips.

Pulmonary Stenosis - A discussion of pulmonary stenosis includes symptoms in children and treatment for relief of the obstruction. Outlook after balloon valvuloplasty and follow-up information are included, as well as illustrations of normal and stenotic pulmonary valves.

Pulmonic Regurgitation - A description of an incompetent pulmonic valve and the pathophysiology and characterization of this murmur are reviewed, with connections found to a pulmonic regurgitation sound file and an illustration of proper stethoscope location.

Pulmonary Stenosis  - The Clinical Digital Libraries Project of the University of Alabama offers this collection of resources on the Web specific to pulmonary stenosis.

Pulmonic Valvular Stenosis - Review of pulmonary valvular stenosis relating to the pathophysiology, clinical and physical presentation, and management of the condition, as well as several diagnostic differential links, a diagnostic workup review, and surgical and medical management summaries. Complications, prognosis, and patient education are detailed.

Tricuspid Regurgitation  - Variety of illustrations depicting tricuspid insufficiency. A definition of the condition, fundamental information about common causes and risks, and the importance of obtaining prompt treatment are summarized.

Tricuspid Stenosis - A description of the narrowing of tricuspid stenosis is found at this site, and information on its detection is offered. Proper stethoscope placement and different types of tricuspid stenosis murmurs are introduced. In addition, a related audio file of the murmur and a listing of causes are offered.

Tricuspid Valve Disease - Chapter on tricuspid valve disease, addressing tricuspid insufficiency and tricuspid stenosis. Symptoms, signs, diagnosis, and management details are summarized

Tricuspid Valve Disease - An online directory lists clinical Internet resources devoted to tricuspid valve disease. Resources include clinical guidelines, clinical trials, and a variety of online textbook entries.

Valvular Disorders of the Heart - Valvular disorders of the heart and related subjects are discussed in detail at this address. Specific topics include an overview of the valves of the heart, aortic regurgitation, aortic stenosis, mitral regurgitation, mitral stenosis, tricuspid regurgitation, tricuspid stenosis, pulmonic regurgitation, pulmonic stenosis, echocardiography, artificial valves and anticoagulation. Discussion regarding diseased heart valves and prophylaxis for endocarditis is found.

Valvular Heart Disease: Mitral Valve Prolapse Virtual Hospital

Valvular Heart Disease Clinical Trials  Listing of Clinical Research Trials for Valvular Heart Disease.

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Vascular Disease

Acrocyanosis - Acrocyanosis is described briefly in this online chapter of the Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy.

Airhealth.org: Avoid Economy Class Syndrome - Airhealth.org is a non-profit organization dedicated to ending the suffering and deaths caused by flight-induced blood clots.

American College of Phlebology - Current guidelines in the evaluation and management of patients with varicose veins, thrombosis, thrombophlebitis, and venous leg ulcers.

Arteriovenous Fistula - A description of the abnormal communication between an artery and a vein involved in this disease process is found at this page. Details on variants of the condition and additional information concerning symptoms, signs, and conservative management are included.

Arteriovenous Malformations - Links are available in this directory to research articles and other resources devoted to arteriovenous fistula and related arteriovenous malformations.

Buerger Disease (Thromboangiitis Obliterans) - eMedicine

Carotid Artery Stenosis - This teaching case file, created by Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard University, contains information about carotid artery stenosis. Nine diagnostic images are included, accompanied by a discussion of differential diagnosis.

Dallas Thrombosis Hemostasis and Difficult Hematology Clinical Center

Deep Vein Thrombosis, DVT: Wallet-Size Leaflet - When you're flying you won't be able to remember all the details about avoiding DVT, recognizing symptoms, and avoiding misdiagnosis. A few days after the flight, when strange symptoms appear, it might be hard to remember what you are supposed to watch for or how to avoid misdiagnosis. So we want you to have a wallet size reminder card. This card addresses venous clots, DVT and PE. Airhealth.org

Economy-Class Syndrome? - Frequency and prevention of symptomless deep-vein thrombosis in long-haul flights: a randomised trial. Canadian Medical Association

Erythromelalgia - Pathophysiology, a classic description of the condition, and details on the physical examination and causes. Additional details on medical care are provided, as well as a figure illustrating cardinal symptoms.

Erythromelalgia - Reference on the specific peripheral vascular disorder erythromelalgia. This rare condition of paroxysmal vasodilation combined with burning and increased skin temperature is further characterized at the site, with diagnostic information and differentiation between primary and secondary types discussed. Methods of attack avoidance are outlined and links to related, indexed peripheral vascular disorders may be accessed directly from the site.

International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis - This nonprofit organization has more than two thousand members from more than 50 countries. The site provides information about the organization and membership, fellowship programs, upcoming meetings and conferences, and committees.

Klippel-Trenaunay Syndrome Support Group - Designed as a resource for families, adults with Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome, and healthcare professionals, this site offers background information about the disease and the Klippel-Trenaunay Syndrome Support Group. It provides a description of the disorder, including its association with a variety of peripheral vascular symptoms, its etiology, treatment, and associated terminology. A summary chapter about the disease, authored by a professor of pediatric cardiology at the Mayo Clinic, is found, and information about the group is provided, including upcoming meetings, activities, and goals and objectives.

Lipedema - A brief description of this peripheral vascular disorder.

Lymphedema Family Study - The Lymphedema Family Study hopes to identify the gene or genes resulting in primary lymphedema, leading to improved methods of early detection and treatment of this condition. This site offers discussions of the genetics of primary lymphedema, prior investigations of the disorder, and current research at the University of Pittsburgh.

Management of Deep Vein Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism - A Statement for Healthcare Professionals From the Council on Thrombosis (in Consultation With the Council on Cardiovascular Radiology), American Heart Association

National Lymphedema Network - The National Lymphedema Network spreads information on the prevention and management of primary and secondary lymphedema to patients, healthcare professionals and the general public. Information on lymphedema treatment centers and support groups, the quarterly newsletter, and the biennial conference is available from the site

Peripheral Arterial Occlusive Disease Clinical Trials  Listing of Clinical Research Trials for Peripheral Arterial Occlusive Disease.

Peripheral Blood Vessel Diseases - This home medical guide, offered as a service of Columbia University, provides comprehensive information about peripheral blood vessel diseases. The diseases are divided into the two categories of peripheral arterial diseases and peripheral venous diseases. The site describes arteriosclerosis obliterans, Buerger's disease, and Raynaud's disease and phenomenon

Peripheral Vascular Disease - The AHA introduces information on functional and organic peripheral vascular disease, including its causes, diagnosis, and treatment. An online brochure on peripheral vascular disease can be accessed from the site by connecting to a link of the Society of Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology.

Peripheral Vascular Disease -  The first article introduces noninvasive diagnostics of patients with suspected or known disease and offers information on nonsurgical treatment methods. Diagnostic approaches are the focus of the second article, which discusses appropriate use of both catheter-based diagnostic and treatment options. Surgical management of peripheral vascular disease is the subject of the third article, providing insight into the risks and benefits of various surgical techniques.

Peripheral Vascular Disease Clinical Trials  Listing of Clinical Research Trials for Peripheral Vascular Disease.

Phlebitis - This site provides a general definition of phlebitis and its causes. A discussion of the symptoms and complications associated with the disease is found, and information about treatment for pain and itching is offered.

Raynaud's Foundation - This nonprofit organization promotes education and research on Raynaud's phenomenon and related diseases, including autoimmune and non-autoimmune varieties. Resources at this site include general information about the disease, information on biofeedback training, research projects, and details regarding the foundation and its membership.

Raynaud's Syndrome - Comprehensive in its treatment of Raynaud's syndrome, this site provides a brief overview, history, and definition of the disease. There is extensive information about the symptoms and physical effects of the disorder, in addition to behavioral strategies for preventing attacks and physical therapies for arresting an attack in progress.

Raynaud's Syndrome - As a service of the National Institutes of Health, this site offers information about symptoms, causes, incidence, and diagnosis of Raynaud's disease. A discussion outlining the difference between primary and secondary stages of the disease is found.

Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center - Part of Temple University School of Medicine, the Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center provides information about the disorder to patients and professionals alike.

Technique for Treating Telangiectasias and Reticular Veins - This online treatment primer, courtesy of the American College of Phlebology, offers practitioners information on the major principles involved in treatment of telangiectasias, including maximizing therapeutic efficacy and the incidence of side effects. Materials for sclerotherapy, presclerotherapy compression and photographic documentation, and technique alternatives are reviewed.

Thromboangiitis Obliterans - This informative site provides an overview of thromboangiitis obliterans. Alternative names for the disease and discussions on causes, incidence, risk factors, prevention, symptoms, signs and tests, treatment, prognosis, and complications are found.

Thrombosis Interest Group of Canada - The Web site contains links to treatment guidelines divided into adult and pediatric patients, long-term therapy, acute therapy and diagnosis, and monitoring and testing sections.

Thrombosis Risk Factor Assessment Sheet - Medical Patients With Restricted Mobility. Lovenox, Aventis Pharmaceuticals

Varicose Veins - The National Library of Medicine has organized an extensive collection of Web links at this site, intended for a variety of audiences. General overviews on varicose veins and their treatment; clinical trial connections; a self-care flowchart from the American Academy of Family Physicians; and an interactive tutorial on sclerotherapy from the Patient Education Institute are available.

Varicose Vein Information

Vascular Disease Clinical Trials Listing of Clinical Research Trials for Vascular Diseases

VEINSonline.com - Internet-based organization of doctors seeking to inform the general public about vein problems and treatments. Their site provides varicose vein information and provider referrals. Lists of specialists in the United States, Australia, and Canada are found, and the site answers frequently asked questions on the condition. Before and after treatment photographs and information for physicians about upcoming meetings and medical products for sale are offered.

Venous Thrombosis - A product of the Community Outreach Health Information System, this site provides comprehensive patient information about thrombosis. It contains sections on causes, diagnosis, and treatment. A discussion of deep venous thrombosis contains graphics and hyperlinks, and a list of drugs used to treat the disorder is found.

Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) Family Alliance - The site provides information in seven languages, including answers to frequently asked questions; details regarding meetings, donations, and membership; news about the society; and current headlines about the disease. An online reference handbook offers information about contraction, detection, possible manifestations, pregnancy and VHL, diagnosis, treatment, research, and living with the disease.

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